🚀 feat: launch v1.0 — next-generation frontend built from the ground up (#4265)

* feat: add parameter coverage for the operations: copy, trim_prefix, trim_suffix, ensure_prefix, ensure_suffix, trim_space, to_lower, to_upper, replace, and regex_replace

* fix: CrossGroupRetry default false

移除gorm:"default:false"，避免每次 AutoMigrate时都执行ALTER TABLE `tokens` MODIFY COLUMN `cross_group_retry` boolean DEFAULT false
且bool默认false不影响原有功能

* feat: check-in feature integrates Turnstile security check

* feat: add support for Doubao /v1/responses (#2567)

* feat: add support for Doubao /v1/responses

* fix: fix model deployment style issues, lint problems, and i18n gaps. (#2556)

* fix: fix model deployment style issues, lint problems, and i18n gaps.

* fix: adjust the key not to be displayed on the frontend, tested via the backend.

* fix: adjust the sidebar configuration logic to use the default configuration items if they are not defined.

* feat: add plans directory to .gitignore

* fix: 修复 gemini 文件类型不支持 image/jpg

* fix: fix the proxyURL is empty, not using the default HTTP client configuration && the AWS calling side did not apply the relay timeout.

* fix: batch add key backend deduplication

* Merge pull request #2582 from seefs001/fix/tips

fix: add tips for model management and channel testing

* fix(gin): update request body size check to allow zero limit

* feat: add regex pattern to mask API keys in sensitive information

* fix(task): 修复使用 auto 分组时 Task Relay 不记录日志和不扣费的问题

问题描述：
- 使用 auto 分组的令牌调用 /v1/videos 等 Task 接口时，虽然任务能成功创建，
  但使用日志不显示记录，且不会扣费

根本原因：
- Distribute 中间件在选择渠道后，会将实际选中的分组存储在 ContextKeyAutoGroup 中
- 但 RelayTaskSubmit 函数没有从 context 中读取这个值来更新 info.UsingGroup
- 导致 info.UsingGroup 始终是 "auto" 而不是实际选中的分组（如 "sora2逆"）
- 当 auto 分组的倍率配置为 0 时，quota 计算结果为 0
- 日志记录条件 "if quota != 0" 不满足，导致日志不记录、不扣费

修复方案：
- 在 RelayTaskSubmit 函数中计算分组倍率之前，添加从 ContextKeyAutoGroup
  获取实际分组的逻辑
- 使用安全的类型断言，避免潜在的 panic 风险

影响范围：
- 仅影响 Task Relay 流程（/v1/videos, /suno, /kling 等接口）
- 不影响使用具体分组令牌的调用
- 不影响其他 Relay 类型（chat/completions 等已有类似处理逻辑）

* 🚀 feat(web): port legacy v2 frontend changes into new UI (deployments, check-in, ollama) + align APIs

Bring over the key frontend functionality introduced in merge `efa3301` and integrate it cleanly into the new `web/src` architecture and design system.

- **Model deployments (io.net)**
  - Align frontend endpoints and payloads with backend deployment routes (`/api/deployments/*`)
  - Add missing deployment operations: details, logs (container-aware), update config, rename, extend duration
  - Improve create-deployment flow (proper request shape, name availability check, price estimation parity)

- **System settings**
  - Enhance io.net deployment settings: allow testing connection with an unsaved API key and add “how to get API key” guidance

- **Channels / Ollama**
  - Improve Ollama model management: live fetch via base_url with fallback to channel fetch, selection + apply flows, delete confirmation
  - Refactor for feature-layer consistency: extract Ollama parsing/normalization utilities into `features/channels/lib`

- **Quality**
  - Ensure TypeScript typecheck passes after refactor and new dialogs/components integration

* Merge pull request #2590 from xyfacai/fix/max-body-limit

fix: 设置默认max req body 为128MB

* docs: update readme

* i18n: add missing translations

* fix(gemini): fetch model list via native v1beta/models endpoint

Use the native Gemini Models API (/v1beta/models) instead of the OpenAI-compatible
path when listing models for Gemini channels, improving compatibility with
third-party Gemini-format providers that don't implement OpenAI routes.

- Add paginated model listing with timeout and optional proxy support
- Select an enabled key for multi-key Gemini channels

* refactor(gemini): 更新 GeminiModelsResponse 以使用 dto.GeminiModel 类型

* fix: remove Minimax from FETCHABLE channels

* fix(minimax): 添加 MiniMax-M2 系列模型到 ModelList

* feat: add doubao video 1.5

* 🤢 chore: remove useless file

* feat: /v1/chat/completion -> /v1/response (#2629)

* feat: /v1/chat/completion -> /v1/response

* fix: clean propertyNames for gemini function

* fix: support snake_case fields in GeminiChatGenerationConfig

* chore: update dependencies and lockfile for improved compatibility

- Updated @clerk/clerk-react to version 5.59.3
- Updated @hookform/resolvers to version 5.2.2
- Updated @lobehub/icons to version 2.48.0
- Updated various Radix UI components to their latest versions
- Updated @tanstack/react-query and related packages for better performance
- Updated axios, i18next, and other libraries for security and feature enhancements
- Updated lockfile to include configVersion and ensure consistency across environments

* Merge pull request #2647 from seefs001/feature/status-code-auto-disable

feat: status code auto-disable configuration

* fix: chat2response setting ui (#2643)

* fix: setting ui

* fix: rm global.chat_completions_to_responses_policy

* fix: rm global.chat_completions_to_responses_policy

* Merge pull request #2627 from seefs001/feature/channel-test-param-override

feat: channel testing supports parameter overriding

* chore: update dependencies and lockfile for improved compatibility

- Updated @lobehub/icons to version 4.0.3
- Updated ai to version 6.0.27
- Updated various libraries including axios, react-day-picker, and streamdown for security and feature enhancements
- Updated devDependencies for eslint, prettier, and typescript for better performance and compatibility
- Updated lockfile to ensure consistency across environments

* chore: update lockfile and Vite configuration for improved build process

- Updated lockfile to version 1 for better compatibility and consistency
- Enhanced Vite configuration to support production optimizations, including code minification and chunking for dependencies
- Added environment-specific console and debugger removal for production builds

* chore: migrate from Vite to Rsbuild for build process

- Added Rsbuild configuration for development and production builds
- Updated package.json scripts to use Rsbuild instead of Vite
- Replaced @tailwindcss/vite with @tailwindcss/postcss in dependencies
- Introduced postcss.config.mjs for Tailwind CSS integration
- Updated TypeScript configuration to include Rsbuild config
- Removed Vite configuration file to streamline the build process

* refactor: optimize user data handling and API calls

- Replaced direct API calls to get user data with cached user information from auth-store in ModelsFilter and SummaryCards components.
- Improved session management in RootComponent and Authenticated route to utilize localStorage for user authentication status, reducing unnecessary API requests.
- Added caching for setup status checks to enhance performance during navigation.

* feat: enhance session validation in authenticated route

- Implemented session verification to check user authentication status via API call only once per session.
- Updated beforeLoad logic to redirect users to the login page if session validation fails or if no user information is available in localStorage.
- Improved user data handling by updating the auth store with fresh user information upon successful session verification.

* refactor: improve useMediaQuery hook for better SSR handling

- Enhanced the useMediaQuery hook to check for window availability before accessing matchMedia, preventing errors during server-side rendering.
- Simplified state initialization and change handling by using a dedicated function to determine initial matches.
- Updated event listener management for improved performance and clarity.

* feat(hooks): export useMediaQuery from hooks index

* refactor: update useMediaQuery imports to use unified hooks index

* fix(rsbuild): fix loadEnv API usage and removeConsole type

* feat: customizable automatic retry status codes

* refactor(hooks): use useSyncExternalStore for better SSR handling in useMediaQuery

* refactor: simplify embedded file structure in main.go

- Updated the embedded file directive to include the entire web/dist directory instead of individual assets, streamlining the build process.

* refactor: replace DropdownMenu with Sheet component in ProfileDropdown

- Updated the ProfileDropdown component to use a Sheet for user interactions instead of a DropdownMenu.
- Enhanced user info display with improved layout and styling.
- Added navigation links and sign-out functionality within the Sheet.

* refactor: streamline ProfileDropdown layout and improve user info display

- Removed unused Badge component and secondary text from user display.
- Enhanced styling for user info section and navigation links.
- Updated sign-out functionality to use a button for better accessibility.

* feat: add System Settings link for super admin in ProfileDropdown

- Introduced a new link to System Settings in the ProfileDropdown, visible only to users with the SUPER_ADMIN role.
- Updated imports to include the Settings icon and adjusted the component logic accordingly.
- Removed the Settings entry from the sidebar data to streamline navigation.

* feat: codex channel (#2652)

* feat: codex channel

* feat: codex channel

* feat: codex oauth flow

* feat: codex refresh cred

* feat: codex usage

* fix: codex err message detail

* fix: codex setting ui

* feat: codex refresh cred task

* fix: import err

* fix: codex store must be false

* fix: chat -> responses tool call

* fix: chat -> responses tool call

* feat(i18n): add missing translations

* fix(i18n): restore missing translations for "360" and add "User Menu" in multiple locales

- Reintroduced the translation for "360" in English, French, Japanese, Russian, Vietnamese, and Chinese locales.
- Added the "User Menu" translation in the same languages to enhance user interface consistency.

* fix: openAI function to gemini function field adjusted to whitelist mode

* feat: TLS_INSECURE_SKIP_VERIFY env

* fix: for chat-based calls to the Claude model, tagging is required. Using Claude's rendering logs, the two approaches handle input rendering differently.

* refactor(system-settings): restructure settings sections and navigation

- Replaced SettingsAccordion with a unified SettingsSection component across various settings sections for consistency.
- Introduced a section registry to manage general settings sections dynamically.
- Updated navigation items in the system settings sidebar to utilize the new section registry.
- Enhanced the GeneralSettings component to support section-based content rendering based on user selection.

* fix(system-settings): remove type assertion for quotaDisplayType in GeneralSettings

- Eliminated the type assertion for quotaDisplayType in the GeneralSettings component to improve type inference and maintain cleaner code.

* refactor(system-settings): update zod import syntax in general settings

- Changed the import statement for zod from a default import to a namespace import for better clarity and consistency in the codebase.

* fix: the login method cannot be displayed under the aff link.

* feat(system-settings): implement generic settings page and enhance navigation

- Added a new generic SettingsPage component to handle loading states, data fetching, and section rendering.
- Integrated section registry for general and authentication settings to streamline navigation and content management.
- Updated URL utility functions to improve query parameter handling for active navigation states.
- Enhanced the system settings sidebar to include authentication section items dynamically.

* refactor(system-settings): replace SettingsAccordion with SettingsSection across authentication settings

- Updated BasicAuthSection, BotProtectionSection, OAuthSection, and PasskeySection to use the new SettingsSection component for consistency.
- Introduced a section registry to manage authentication settings dynamically, enhancing navigation and content rendering.

* feat(system-settings): enhance request limits settings with new section and unified component

- Added a new Request Limits section to the system settings sidebar, integrating it with the section registry for improved navigation.
- Replaced SettingsAccordion with SettingsSection in RateLimitSection, SensitiveWordsSection, and SSRFSection for consistency.
- Updated RequestLimitsSettings to utilize the new SettingsPage component for better data handling and rendering.
- Implemented a search schema for request limits to streamline navigation and section management.

* feat(system-settings): integrate content settings sections with unified component and registry

- Added a new Content section to the system settings sidebar, incorporating it into the section registry for improved navigation.
- Replaced SettingsAccordion with SettingsSection in multiple content-related components for consistency.
- Created a section registry to manage content settings dynamically, enhancing the rendering and navigation experience.
- Updated the ContentSettings component to utilize the new section registry and streamline content display.

* feat(system-settings): enhance integrations settings with unified section registry and components

- Introduced a new section registry for integrations settings, consolidating various settings components for better organization and navigation.
- Replaced SettingsAccordion with SettingsSection in multiple integration-related components for consistency.
- Updated IntegrationSettings to utilize the new SettingsPage component, improving data handling and rendering.
- Added a new integrations section to the system settings sidebar, enhancing user experience and accessibility.

* feat(system-settings): unify model settings with new section registry and components

- Introduced a section registry for model settings, consolidating various model-related components for improved organization and navigation.
- Replaced SettingsAccordion with SettingsSection in multiple model settings components for consistency.
- Updated ModelSettings to utilize the new SettingsPage component, enhancing data handling and rendering.
- Added a new Models section to the system settings sidebar, improving user experience and accessibility.

* feat(system-settings): enhance maintenance settings with unified section registry and components

- Introduced a new section registry for maintenance settings, consolidating various maintenance-related components for improved organization and navigation.
- Replaced SettingsAccordion with SettingsSection in multiple maintenance components for consistency.
- Updated MaintenanceSettings to utilize the new section registry, enhancing data handling and rendering.
- Added a new Maintenance section to the system settings sidebar, improving user experience and accessibility.

* feat(system-settings): update section titles for improved clarity and consistency

- Renamed various section titles across content, integrations, maintenance, models, and request limits to enhance clarity and better reflect their functionalities.
- Adjusted titles such as 'Dashboard' to 'Data Dashboard', 'API Info' to 'API Addresses', and 'Update Checker' to 'System maintenance' for improved user understanding.
- Ensured consistency in naming conventions across all settings sections to streamline user experience and navigation.

* feat(nav-group): enhance collapsible menu behavior and URL matching logic

- Added controlled state management for collapsible menu items to automatically expand based on active sub-item paths.
- Updated the URL matching logic in checkIsActive to improve handling of query parameters and ensure accurate navigation state detection.
- Refactored the collapsible component to utilize the new state management, enhancing user experience in the sidebar navigation.

* feat(system-settings): update system settings navigation and redirect logic

- Changed the link in the profile dropdown to point directly to the general section of system settings with a search parameter for section identification.
- Implemented a redirect in the general settings route to ensure users are directed to the default section if no section parameter is provided, enhancing navigation consistency.

* feat(system-settings): unify route configuration for settings sections

- Refactored route configuration for various system settings sections (auth, content, general, integrations, maintenance, models, request limits) to utilize a new `createSettingsRouteConfig` function.
- This change consolidates the repetitive logic of creating search schemas and handling redirects, improving code maintainability and readability.
- Enhanced navigation by ensuring default sections are loaded when no section parameter is provided.

* feat(url-utils): enhance URL handling and matching logic

- Introduced a new utility function `urlToString` to convert various URL formats (string and object) into a standardized string format.
- Updated the `checkIsActive` function to utilize `urlToString`, improving the accuracy of URL matching and handling of query parameters.
- Refactored URL comparison logic to ensure consistent behavior across different URL types, enhancing navigation state detection.

* feat(system-settings): validate DataExportDefaultTime for improved data handling

- Introduced a new function `validateDataExportDefaultTime` to ensure the `DataExportDefaultTime` value is either 'week', 'hour', or 'day', defaulting to 'hour' for unexpected values.
- Updated the `DataExportDefaultTime` assignment in the settings section to utilize this validation function, enhancing data integrity and user experience.

* perf(system-settings): Improve the i18n of system settings content

- Changed button labels in various sections to use consistent capitalization and translation functions, enhancing user experience.
- Updated validation messages in schemas to utilize translation functions for improved internationalization support.
- Ensured all user-facing strings are properly translated, improving accessibility for non-English users.

* fix(system-settings): update ApiInfoFormValues type inference for improved schema validation

- Changed the type inference for ApiInfoFormValues to utilize ReturnType of createApiInfoSchema, ensuring accurate type representation and enhancing type safety in the API info section.

* fix(chat-settings): improve validation logic for chat settings schema

- Updated the validation logic to ensure that null values are correctly handled and that only objects are accepted as valid items in the chat settings schema.
- Simplified error handling by removing the error message from the catch block, providing a consistent user-facing message for invalid JSON strings.

* fix(system-settings): enhance validation error handling in uptime-kuma schema

- Updated the validation logic for category name, URL, and slug fields to use an object format for error messages, improving clarity and consistency in user feedback.
- Ensured that all validation messages are properly structured to enhance internationalization support.

* fix(i18n): add translations for Uptime Kuma group management

- Added English, French, Japanese, Russian, Vietnamese, and Chinese translations for "Add Uptime Kuma Group" and "Edit Uptime Kuma Group" to enhance internationalization support.
- Included validation messages for category name and slug fields across multiple languages to improve user feedback and accessibility.

* fix(system-settings): improve validation error message structure for SystemName

- Updated the validation logic for the SystemName field to use an object format for error messages, enhancing clarity and consistency in user feedback.
- This change aligns with recent improvements in internationalization support across the system settings schemas.

* perf(i18n): add new validation error message translations

- Added translations for the new validation error message "Invalid JSON format or values out of allowed range" in English, French, Japanese, Russian, Vietnamese, and Chinese.
- This update enhances internationalization support by ensuring users receive clear feedback across multiple languages.

* fix(i18n): update Japanese translation for payment method configuration message

- Corrected the Japanese translation for the message regarding payment methods configuration to use the term "メソッド" instead of "方法" for improved accuracy and consistency in user feedback.
- This change enhances the clarity of the message for Japanese-speaking users.

* fix(i18n): remove unnecessary loading messages from French translations

- Removed the French translations for "Loading settings...", "Loading maintenance settings...", and "Loading content settings..." to streamline the localization file.
- This change improves the clarity and relevance of the translations provided to users.

* fix(i18n): add translations for Uptime Kuma group management in multiple languages

- Added French, Japanese, Russian, Vietnamese, and Chinese translations for "Add Uptime Kuma Group" and "Edit Uptime Kuma Group" to enhance internationalization support.
- This update improves user experience by providing clear and consistent messaging across different languages.

* fix(validation): enhance pricing schema error messages and add translations

- Updated the pricing schema to include localized error messages for validation, ensuring users receive clear feedback when input values are invalid.
- Added new translations for "Exchange rate is required" and "Exchange rate must be greater than 0" in English, French, Japanese, and Chinese to improve internationalization support.
- This change enhances user experience by providing accurate and contextually relevant messages across multiple languages.

* fix: codex Unsupported parameter: max_output_tokens

* fix(model-mapping-editor): simplify JSON parsing logic in useEffect

* fix: jimeng i2v support multi image by metadata

* refactor(models): restructure models section handling and improve UI components

- Replaced tab-based navigation with section-based navigation for better clarity and organization.
- Introduced a new section registry to manage model sections, including 'metadata' and 'deployments'.
- Updated the ModelsContent component to reflect the new section structure and added a Create Deployment button.
- Removed the ModelsTabs component as it was no longer needed.
- Enhanced internationalization support by adding new translations for section descriptions and management tasks.
- Adjusted sidebar configuration to accommodate the new section structure.

* fix: update warning threshold label from '5$' to '2$'

* fix: video content api Priority use url field

* fix: update abortWithOpenAiMessage function to use types.ErrorCode

* feat(deployment): introduce CreateDeploymentDrawer component and update dialog references

- Replaced the CreateDeploymentDialog with a new CreateDeploymentDrawer component for improved user experience.
- Added comprehensive form handling for deployment creation, including validation and price estimation features.
- Updated internationalization files to include new translations for UI elements and descriptions related to deployment configuration.
- Enhanced the ModelsContent component to integrate the new drawer for creating deployments.

* perf(i18n): enhance internationalization for models table and columns

- Updated labels and titles in the ModelsTable and useModelsColumns components to utilize translation functions for improved localization.
- Changed static text for vendor and sync status to dynamic translations, enhancing user experience for non-English speakers.
- Updated empty state messages in the ModelsTable to support internationalization, ensuring clarity for all users.

* fix: fix email send

* fix: issue where consecutive calls to multiple tools in gemini all returned an index of 0

* fix: replace Alibaba's Claude-compatible interface with the new interface

* fix: Only models with the "qwen" designation can use the Claude-compatible interface; others require conversion.

* feat: log shows request conversion

* feat: optimized display

* feat: optimized display

* feat: optimized display

* fix: codex rm Temperature

* Revert "fix: video content api Priority use url field"

* feat: requestId time string use UTC

* feat(qwen): support qwen image sync image model config

* feat: sync old ui

* feat: more ui sync

* feat: replace theme

* fix build

* refactor(web): revert theme colors and variables in CSS

Updated color variables for light and dark themes to improve consistency and visual appeal.

* feat(deployment): enhance deployment access guard and model deployment settings

- Introduced loading phase management in the DeploymentAccessGuard component to provide better user feedback during connection checks.
- Updated the ModelsContent component to prefetch the deployments list while checking connection status, improving data readiness.
- Implemented a caching mechanism for connection status in useModelDeploymentSettings to optimize performance and reduce unnecessary API calls.
- Enhanced loading states and error handling for improved user experience during deployment settings retrieval and connection testing.

* feat(i18n): add new translations for connection and loading states across multiple languages

- Introduced translations for "Checking connection" and "Loading configuration" in English, French, Japanese, Russian, Vietnamese, and Chinese.
- This update enhances the internationalization support, providing clearer user feedback during connection checks and loading phases.

* refactor(pagination): adjust layout and styling for pagination component

- Updated the pagination component to improve layout by removing unnecessary width constraints and enhancing responsiveness.
- Increased minimum width for pagination text to ensure better visibility and alignment across different screen sizes.

* feat(i18n): implement translations for various UI elements across multiple components

- Updated several components to utilize the translation function for titles and placeholders, enhancing internationalization support.
- Added new translation entries for "Filter by name or key..." and "Log Type" in English, French, Japanese, Russian, Vietnamese, and Chinese.
- This update improves user experience by providing localized text in the ChannelsTable, SummaryCards, ApiKeysTable, RedemptionsTable, UsageLogsTable, and UsersTable components.

* feat(i18n): integrate translation support in SummaryCards component

- Added the useTranslation hook to the SummaryCards component to enhance internationalization.
- This update allows for localized text rendering, improving user experience for diverse language speakers.

* feat(dashboard): refactor dashboard structure and introduce section-based navigation

- Removed the tab navigation in favor of a section-based approach, enhancing user experience by providing clearer context for the dashboard content.
- Introduced a new section registry to manage dashboard sections, allowing for easier expansion and maintenance.
- Updated sidebar configuration to reflect the new section structure, ensuring proper navigation links are displayed.
- Added translations for new section titles and descriptions to support internationalization.

* feat(i18n): update time range labels and enhance translation support

- Changed time range labels from shorthand (e.g., '1D') to full text (e.g., '1 Day') for better clarity.
- Updated various components to utilize the translation function for time range labels, improving internationalization.
- Added new translation entries for time ranges in English, French, Japanese, Russian, Vietnamese, and Chinese, enhancing user experience across languages.

* feat(dashboard): enhance type safety and improve component structure

- Updated the Dashboard component to use specific types for model data and filters, enhancing type safety.
- Introduced new types for announcements and FAQs, improving clarity and maintainability.
- Refactored LogStatCards and UptimePanel components to utilize AbortController for better data fetching management.
- Optimized the rendering of announcements and FAQs by using unique keys based on item IDs.
- Improved theme management in ModelCharts by caching the ThemeManager import to reduce dynamic imports.

* feat(agents): add comprehensive guidelines for React and Next.js development

- Introduced a new set of best practices and optimization techniques for React and Next.js applications, aimed at enhancing performance and maintainability.
- Included detailed rules covering various aspects such as event handling, API routes, rendering strategies, and state management.
- Added extensive documentation in AGENTS.md and SKILL.md to support developers in adhering to these practices.
- This update serves as a foundational resource for improving code quality and efficiency in React-based projects.

* chore(web): update package.json dependencies

- Removed outdated dependencies including @base-ui/react, @clerk/clerk-react, and others to streamline the project.
- Updated remaining dependencies to their latest versions for improved performance and security.
- This cleanup enhances the overall maintainability of the project.

* feat(usage-logs): implement section-based navigation and enhance log management

- Introduced a section registry for usage logs, allowing for better organization and navigation between different log categories (common, drawing, task).
- Updated the UsageLogsContent component to dynamically render titles and descriptions based on the selected section.
- Refactored UsageLogsTable and UsageLogsPrimaryButtons components to accept the active log category as a prop, improving modularity.
- Enhanced sidebar configuration to support new section navigation, ensuring users can easily access different log types.
- Updated routing to redirect to the default section if none is specified, improving user experience.

* feat(i18n): enhance internationalization across usage logs components

- Integrated the useTranslation hook in various components related to usage logs, including CommonLogsStats, UsageLogsTable, and column helpers.
- Updated labels, titles, and messages to utilize translation functions, improving localization support.
- Added new translation entries for log-related terms in English, French, Japanese, Russian, Vietnamese, and Chinese, enhancing user experience for diverse language speakers.

* feat(datetime-picker): integrate dayjs for date formatting

- Added dayjs as a dependency to the project for improved date handling.
- Updated the DateTimePicker component to use dayjs for formatting dates, enhancing consistency and readability of date displays.

* feat(date-handling): replace date-fns with dayjs for improved date management

- Updated the project to use dayjs instead of date-fns for date formatting and manipulation, enhancing consistency across components.
- Refactored DatePicker, DateTimePicker, and other components to utilize dayjs for date-related functionalities.
- Added a new dayjs configuration file to extend its capabilities with relative time support.
- Updated AGENTS.md to reflect the new technology stack, emphasizing the use of dayjs for date handling.

* refactor(agents): streamline front-end development guidelines and update technology stack

- Revised AGENTS.md to condense front-end development standards and best practices, making it more accessible for developers and AI assistants.
- Updated the technology stack section to reflect current dependencies, emphasizing the use of Bun, React 19, TypeScript, and other key libraries.
- Enhanced the document structure with a new table format for better readability and navigation, including a comprehensive table of contents for quick access to sections.

* feat(i18n): enhance date picker and datetime picker localization support

- Integrated internationalization support in DatePicker and DateTimePicker components by adding locale handling for multiple languages (English, French, Japanese, Russian, Vietnamese, Chinese).
- Updated the calendar component to accept a locale prop, ensuring proper localization of month and weekday labels.
- Improved user experience by allowing date selection to adapt based on the user's language preference.

* feat(layout): add SectionPageLayout component for structured page layouts

- Introduced a new SectionPageLayout component to facilitate structured layouts for pages with sections, enhancing the organization of content.
- Added subcomponents for Title, Description, Actions, and Content to improve clarity and maintainability of page structures.
- Updated AGENTS.md to include guidelines on avoiding unnecessary destructuring of props for better code readability.

* feat(layout): refactor components to use SectionPageLayout for improved structure

- Replaced AppHeader and Main components with SectionPageLayout across multiple features including Channels, Dashboard, ApiKeys, Models, Redemption Codes, Usage Logs, Users, and Wallet.
- Enhanced page organization by utilizing SectionPageLayout's Title, Description, Actions, and Content subcomponents, improving clarity and maintainability.
- This update standardizes the layout structure across the application, facilitating a more cohesive user experience.

* feat(usage-logs): enhance URL state management and redirection logic

- Added useEffect to synchronize column filters with URL search changes, preventing infinite loops caused by inline references.
- Improved redirection logic in usage logs to clear 'type' from the URL when the section is not 'common', enhancing user experience and URL cleanliness.

* fix(usage-logs): disable global filter and update DataTableToolbar props

- Disabled the global filter in the UsageLogsTable component to streamline the user interface.
- Updated the DataTableToolbar component to accept a null customSearch prop, enhancing flexibility in toolbar configuration.

* feat(routes): implement section-based routing for system settings and dashboard

- Introduced section-based routing for system settings and dashboard features, enhancing navigation and organization.
- Updated route definitions to include dynamic sections, allowing for more granular access to settings and dashboard components.
- Refactored existing routes to redirect to default sections when no specific section is provided, improving user experience.
- Added new section routes for models, usage logs, and system settings, ensuring consistency across the application.
- Removed deprecated routes to streamline the routing structure and improve maintainability.

* refactor(usage-logs): update column helper functions to require config parameter

- Modified createFailReasonColumn and createProgressColumn functions to require a config parameter instead of allowing it to be optional.
- Simplified destructuring of config to enhance clarity and ensure necessary properties are always provided, improving code reliability.

* refactor(usage-logs): improve section ID validation and routing logic

- Introduced a type guard function, isUsageLogsSectionId, to validate section IDs, enhancing type safety and reducing the need for casting.
- Updated UsageLogsContent to utilize the new validation function for determining the active category, improving clarity and reliability.
- Refactored routing logic to use isUsageLogsSectionId for section validation, ensuring proper redirection to the default section when necessary.

* refactor(calendar): update locale documentation for i18n support

- Revised the locale prop documentation in the Calendar component to specify the use of react-day-picker for internationalization, clarifying the expected locale setup for users.

* chore(i18n): remove redundant user information description from locale files

- Removed the user information description from English, French, Japanese, Russian, Vietnamese, and Chinese locale files to streamline translations and improve clarity.

* chore(i18n): streamline locale files by removing redundant entries

- Removed unnecessary entries from English, French, Japanese, Russian, Vietnamese, and Chinese locale files to enhance clarity and reduce clutter.
- Adjusted translations for consistency and improved user experience across multiple languages.

* chore(sidebar): remove deprecated usage logs route from sidebar config

- Eliminated the '/usage-logs' entry from the sidebar configuration to streamline navigation and improve clarity in the sidebar structure.

* refactor(redemption-codes): enhance internationalization support and improve UI consistency

- Updated various components to utilize translation functions for user-facing strings, ensuring a consistent experience across different languages.
- Added meta labels for table columns to improve accessibility and clarity.
- Revised confirmation and action texts in dialogs and tooltips to leverage translation, enhancing user experience.
- Updated locale files to include new translations for improved clarity and consistency.

* feat(masked-value-display): add MaskedValueDisplay component for sensitive data handling

- Introduced a new MaskedValueDisplay component to display masked values with a popover for full value visibility and a copy button for easy access.
- Updated api-keys-columns and redemptions-columns to utilize the new component, enhancing code reusability and UI consistency.
- Revised translation keys in locale files to remove colons for improved clarity.

* refactor(url-utils): simplify query parameter matching logic in checkIsActive function

- Updated the checkIsActive function to streamline the logic for matching URLs with and without query parameters.
- Removed unnecessary checks for query parameters when matching base paths, improving clarity and maintainability of the code.

* fix(channels-table): update group filter label to use translation function

- Replaced hardcoded 'All Groups' label with a translation function call to enhance internationalization support in the ChannelsTable component.

* chore(api-keys): remove deprecated API key action messages and related exports

- Deleted the api-key-actions.ts file, which contained action messages for enabling, disabling, and deleting API keys.
- Updated index.ts to remove the export of getApiKeyActionMessage, streamlining the codebase by eliminating unused functionality.

* refactor(i18n): enhance internationalization support across various components

- Updated multiple components to utilize translation functions for user-facing strings, ensuring a consistent experience across different languages.
- Revised constants and labels in the channels and redemption codes features to use i18n keys, improving maintainability and clarity.
- Ensured that success and error messages leverage translation functions, enhancing user experience and accessibility.
- Streamlined the handling of i18n keys in the constants files for better organization and clarity.

* refactor(i18n): enhance translation support across various components

- Updated multiple components to utilize translation functions for user-facing strings, ensuring a consistent experience across different languages.
- Revised pagination and status labels to use i18n keys, improving maintainability and clarity.
- Enhanced response time formatting to support internationalization, allowing for localized display of time values.
- Updated locale files to include new translations for improved clarity and consistency.

* docs(AGENTS): add type checking requirement for TypeScript changes

- Included a new guideline stating that type checks must be executed after modifying TypeScript or TSX code, ensuring no type errors are left unresolved.
- Updated the document to reflect this addition in the relevant section for better clarity on coding standards.

* feat(combobox-input): add ComboboxInput component for enhanced token selection

- Introduced a new ComboboxInput component to facilitate token name selection with search and filtering capabilities.
- Integrated the ComboboxInput into the UsageLogsFilterDialog for improved user experience when filtering by token name.
- Updated locale files to include new translations for user-facing strings related to token filtering.

* feat(combobox): integrate translation support for custom value prompt

- Added translation functionality to the Combobox component, replacing hardcoded text with a translatable string for the custom value prompt.
- Utilized the useTranslation hook from react-i18next to enhance internationalization support, ensuring a consistent user experience across different languages.

* refactor(i18n): improve Chinese translations for consistency and clarity

- Adjusted spacing in various Chinese translations to enhance readability and maintain consistency across the locale file.
- Updated multiple user-facing strings to ensure proper formatting and alignment with localization standards.

* feat(calendar): add CalendarDropdown component for enhanced dropdown functionality

- Introduced a new CalendarDropdown component to improve user interaction with dropdown selections in the calendar.
- Implemented state management for dropdown visibility and selection handling, enhancing the overall user experience.
- Updated styling for dropdown elements to ensure consistency and better alignment with the UI design.

* fix(balance-query-dialog): handle null currentRow and improve usage query logic

- Updated the BalanceQueryDialog component to safely access currentRow properties using optional chaining.
- Added a check to ensure currentRow is not null before proceeding with usage queries, preventing potential runtime errors.
- Refactored the handleQueryCodexUsage function to use a local variable for currentRow, enhancing code clarity.

* feat(i18n): add new translations for batch creation and channel updates

- Added new translation strings for batch creation instructions across multiple languages, enhancing user guidance.
- Included translations for the "Update Channel" prompt to improve clarity in channel configuration settings.
- Ensured consistency in terminology across locale files for better user experience.

* feat(channel-mutate-drawer): improve API key input handling and update translations

- Refactored the API key input logic in the ChannelMutateDrawer component to enhance readability and maintainability.
- Added new placeholder translations for batch creation and existing key prompts in multiple languages, improving user guidance.
- Ensured consistency in translation strings across locale files for better user experience.

* feat(fetch-models-dialog): implement sorting for model categories

- Added a new function to sort model categories alphabetically, placing 'Other' at the end for easier navigation.
- Updated the rendering logic in the FetchModelsDialog component to utilize the new sorting function for both new and existing models, enhancing user experience.

* refactor(wallet-stats-card): standardize props usage and improve layout consistency

Standardizes props usage and improves layout consistency in wallet stats card

Refactors the wallet stats card component to:
- Use props directly instead of destructuring for consistency
- Add min-w-0 to prevent content overflow
- Adjust text sizing with break-all for proper wrapping
- Implement responsive font sizes (3xl on mobile, 4xl on larger screens)
- Improve leading and tracking for better readability

Refactor wallet stats card for consistency and layout

Standardizes props usage and improves layout consistency in wallet stats card

- Uses props directly instead of destructuring for consistency
- Adds min-w-0 to prevent content overflow
- Adjusts text sizing with break-all for proper wrapping
- Implements responsive font sizes (3xl on mobile, 4xl on larger screens)
- Improves leading and tracking for better readability

* feat(web): add subscription management and admin settings UI

* feat(web): add subscription management and admin settings UI

- Add subscription management module (plans, pricing, toggle status, and related dialogs/tables with Stripe/Creem integration notes)
- Add channel affinity (rules and cache stats), Waffo integration, performance, and Grok model sections to system settings, with extended types and section registry
- Add status code mapping validation/risk warnings, upstream update hooks, and utilities for channels; add available models and sidebar module cards to user profile
- Add chat2link route and useMinimumLoadingTime, useTableCompactMode shared hooks

Made-with: Cursor

* fix: remove duplicate GenerateOAuthCode and add missing TaskBulkUpdate

- remove duplicate GenerateOAuthCode from github.go since oauth.go already has the generic version.
- add model.TaskBulkUpdate for bulk update by upstream task_id strings, fixing task_video.go build failure.

* feat(router): add chat2link and subscriptions routes

- register /chat2link page route under authenticated layout.
- register /subscriptions/ page route under authenticated layout.
- update auto-generated routeTree type definitions and route mappings.

* feat(docker): add development environment setup with Docker Compose

- Introduced docker-compose.dev.yml for local development, including services for new-api, Redis, and PostgreSQL.
- Created Dockerfile.dev for backend-only builds, optimizing the development workflow.
- Updated makefile to include new commands for starting backend services and frontend development.

* feat(web): complete i18n coverage for setup wizard and add language switcher

- wrap all hardcoded English strings in setup-wizard, database-step, usage-mode-step, and complete-step with t() calls, covering step titles, descriptions, form validation messages, and fallback strings.
- add LanguageSwitcher component to the top-right corner of the setup page so users can switch language during initial setup.
- register 25 dynamic i18n keys in static-keys.ts and provide full translations for zh/en/ja/fr/ru/vi.

* feat(i18n): internationalize default version text in workspace-switcher

- remove hardcoded 'Unknown version' default, use t('Unknown version') for i18n fallback
- add "Unknown version" translation entries across all 6 locale files (zh/en/fr/ru/ja/vi)

* feat(i18n): add full i18n coverage for channel-affinity settings page

- replace Chinese t() keys with English keys across three channel-affinity components to align with new frontend i18n conventions.
- add 51 translation entries to all 6 locale files (en/zh/ja/fr/ru/vi) covering main page, rule editor, and cache stats dialog.
- register section-registry dynamic keys in static-keys.ts.

* feat(i18n): add full i18n coverage for Waffo payment settings page

- replace Chinese i18n keys with English keys in waffo-settings-section.tsx for consistency.
- wrap previously hardcoded labels (Pay Method Type / Pay Method Name) with t().
- add 26 Waffo-related translation entries across all 6 locale files (en/zh/fr/ru/ja/vi).

* feat(i18n): add missing translations for global model settings page

- add all 6 locale translations for 3 missing t() keys in global-settings-card.
- register dynamically used 'Grok' key in static-keys.ts for i18n scanner coverage.

* feat(i18n): add full i18n coverage for Grok model settings page

- add translations in all 6 locales (en/zh/fr/ja/ru/vi) for grok-settings-card t() calls.
- cover violation fee toggle, amount input, and official docs link labels.
- include section-registry descriptionKey translation entries.

* feat(i18n): add full i18n coverage for performance settings page

- migrate all t() keys from Chinese to English to align with project conventions.
- add translations for all 6 locales (en/zh/ja/fr/ru/vi) covering disk cache,
  system monitoring, log management, and stats dashboard sections.
- remove 71 obsolete Chinese-keyed entries from every locale file.

* fix(i18n): add 116 missing English translation keys across all locales

- scan all t() calls to identify English keys used in code but absent from locale files.
- add translations for zh/en/fr/ja/ru/vi, keeping key sets and sort order consistent.
- covers system-settings, channels, models, auth, wallet and other modules.

* fix(i18n): add missing translations for log cleanup quick-select and confirm dialog

- wrap quick-select button labels (24 hours ago / 7 days ago / 30 days ago) with t().
- replace hardcoded English strings in purge confirm dialog with t() calls and date interpolation.
- add 5 new translation keys across all 6 locale files (zh/en/fr/ja/ru/vi).

* refactor(web): unify all time display with dayjs formatting

- replace all toLocaleString/toLocaleDateString/toLocaleTimeString and manual padStart concatenation with dayjs.format().
- standardize output: datetime as YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss, date as YYYY-MM-DD, time as HH:mm:ss.
- add formatDateTimeStr, formatDateStr, formatTimeStr dayjs-based helpers in lib/format.ts.
- update 12 files across core utils and feature components.

* refactor(web): replace native datetime-local input with DateTimePicker in announcements

- swap browser-native datetime-local for the project's DateTimePicker component to match the UI used in log cleanup and other pages.
- convert between Date objects and ISO strings to bridge the form's string-based schema.

* refactor(web): replace native HTML elements with design system components

- replace ~35 native <button> with <Button> across pricing, profile, channels modules
- replace native <input>/<textarea>/<label> with <Input>/<Textarea>/<Label> for consistent form styling
- replace native <table> with <Table> components, <details>/<summary> with <Collapsible>
- replace decorative <hr> with <Separator> to ensure global UI consistency

* refactor(web): enhance profile components with design system consistency

- update ProfileSecurityCard to use buttons for security actions, improving accessibility and styling.
- modify AccountBindingsTab layout to a grid for better responsiveness and visual alignment.
- refactor NotificationTab to utilize icons for notification methods, enhancing user experience and clarity.

* fix(i18n): complete i18n coverage for profile page components

- wrap passkey card status badges (enabled/disabled, backup state) and last-used text with t()
- fix hardcoded button labels in security dialogs (change password, access token, delete account)
- internationalize all 2FA dialog strings (setup, disable, backup codes)
- fix email bind dialog description and button state text missing i18n
- wrap remaining hardcoded strings in notification tab and checkin calendar
- add all missing translation entries to zh.json and en.json

* fix(i18n): enhance error messages with translations for deployment access and settings

- wrap connection error messages in DeploymentAccessGuard and IoNetDeploymentSettingsSection with t() for internationalization.
- add missing translation key for "io.net model deployment is not enabled or api key missing" in all locale files (en, fr, ja, ru, vi, zh).

* 🧹 chore(web): resolve all ESLint errors and warnings

Align the Vite/React frontend with the current ESLint flat config and
React Compiler–related rules by fixing violations instead of broad
suppression where practical.

- Replace `any` with concrete types (`unknown`, `Record<string, unknown>`,
  domain types) where upstream/API shapes allow
- Fix duplicate imports, unused bindings, `no-console`, and empty blocks
- Address react-hooks issues: reorder declarations, memoize unstable
  callbacks (`useCallback`), extend dependency arrays, and use targeted
  disables only where sync-from-props in `useEffect` is intentional
- Refactor `motion.create` usage in ai-elements shimmer to avoid creating
  components during render (static-components)
- Stabilize TanStack Query/Mutation hook usage (query keys, `mutate` in
  deps) and add narrowly scoped rule disables where the linter conflicts
  with library patterns
- Disable `react-hooks/incompatible-library` in ESLint config for
  TanStack Table / RHF false positives
- Add file-level `react-refresh/only-export-components` disables for
  registry/provider/column modules that intentionally mix exports

`bun lint` completes with 0 errors and 0 warnings.

* ✨ feat(web): add subscription management to sidebar and align drawer with project conventions

- Register "Subscription Management" nav item in the admin sidebar group
  with CreditCard icon pointing to /subscriptions
- Add subscription module to sidebar config defaults and URL mapping so it
  integrates with the admin sidebar modules toggle in system settings
- Add subscription entry to sidebar-modules-section moduleMeta for the
  maintenance settings UI
- Refactor SubscriptionsMutateDrawer to follow the same patterns used by
  users, redemption-codes, and other mutate drawers:
  - Use shadcn Form/FormField/FormItem/FormControl/FormLabel/FormMessage
    instead of raw register() + Label + manual error display
  - Move SheetFooter outside the form with form attribute association
  - Use SheetClose for the cancel button
  - Reset form state on drawer close
  - Align SheetContent width (sm:max-w-[600px]) and spacing conventions

* ✨ feat(web): overhaul UI/UX with Vercel Geist design alignment

Refactor the entire frontend UI/UX to align with Vercel/OpenAI design
principles, covering layout, animations, skeleton loading, and overall
visual polish.

Motion & Page Transitions:
- Add centralized motion system (lib/motion.ts) with Vercel-style
  transition presets, stagger variants for tables, cards, and sidebars
- Implement AnimatedOutlet for route-level page enter animations
  using TanStack Router pathname keying
- Add PageTransition, StaggerContainer, StaggerItem, CardStagger,
  and TableStagger wrapper components for progressive reveal effects

Skeleton Loading — Vercel Geist Style:
- Replace shadcn default `animate-pulse` with Geist-style shimmer
  sweep animation (linear-gradient + background-position keyframes)
- Add `--skeleton-base` / `--skeleton-highlight` CSS variables tuned
  for both light and dark themes with neutral oklch tones
- Override auto-skeleton-react inline styles via CSS to unify all
  skeleton elements under the same shimmer effect
- Update TableSkeleton with varied column widths for a natural feel
- Add ContentSkeleton and QuerySkeleton wrappers for auto-skeleton
  integration with React Query error/loading states
- Respect prefers-reduced-motion: disable shimmer for accessibility

Layout & Sidebar:
- Upgrade sidebar expand/collapse transitions to cubic-bezier easing
- Add hover micro-interactions (background-color, color, transform)
  to sidebar menu buttons with smooth 150ms transitions
- Fix oklch color compatibility in sidebar outline variant
- Integrate AnimatedOutlet into AuthenticatedLayout for unified
  route-level animations

Theme & CSS:
- Streamline theme.css with cleaner oklch color definitions
- Add CSS table row stagger-in animations with nth-child delays
- Fix hover-scrollbar color bug (hsl → color-mix for oklch compat)
- Add content-auto utility for long list rendering optimization

Cleanup:
- Remove deprecated skeleton-wrapper.tsx
- Remove unused imports and dead code across components
- Add empty-state, error-state, and loading-state utility components

* 🐛 fix(docker): track bun.lock to fix Docker build failure

Remove `web/bun.lock` from `.gitignore` so the lock file is committed
to version control. The Dockerfile `COPY web/bun.lock .` instruction
requires this file to be present in the build context, and ignoring it
caused the build to fail with a "not found" error.

* ⬆️ chore(web): upgrade dependencies and fix all type/lint errors

Upgrade all frontend dependencies to latest stable versions:
- lucide-react 0.562 → 1.7 (major: brand icons removed)
- shiki 3.x → 4.x, eslint 9.x → 10.x, knip 5.x → 6.x
- @rsbuild/core 1.3 → 1.7, @types/node 24 → 25
- tailwindcss/postcss 4.1 → 4.2, motion 12.25 → 12.38
- @tanstack/react-query 5.90 → 5.95, zod 4.3.5 → 4.3.6
- react 19.2.3 → 19.2.4, axios 1.13.2 → 1.13.6
- prettier 3.7 → 3.8, typescript-eslint 8.52 → 8.57
- Add missing optional deps: @xyflow/react, embla-carousel-react

Resolve all TypeScript compilation errors introduced by upgrades:
- Replace lucide-react brand icons (Github) with react-icons/si
- Fix react-hook-form Control/Resolver generics for zod v4
- Fix Record<string, unknown> type constraints across API utils
- Fix axios interceptor return types in lib/api.ts
- Add type assertions for useSettings/useStatus hook returns
- Resolve Badge variant, spread type, and route path mismatches

Resolve all ESLint 10 errors:
- preserve-caught-error: attach cause to re-thrown errors
- no-useless-assignment: refactor redundant variable assignments
- prefer-as-const: use `as const` over literal type assertions
- no-unused-vars: prefix type-only schemas with underscore

Update tsconfig lib from ES2020 to ES2022 for Error.cause support.

* 🐛 fix(web): stop pricing model row from centering its content

Wrapping the row in shadcn <Button variant='ghost'> inherits
`justify-center`, and the inner flex container had no width, so
`justify-between` collapsed and the row appeared centered.

* feat: add Waffo payment integration and related UI components

- Introduced Waffo payment method with support for custom icons and settings.
- Updated payment settings section to include Waffo settings.
- Added Waffo payment request handling in the wallet API.
- Enhanced wallet recharge form to support Waffo payment methods.
- Implemented hooks for Waffo payment processing.
- Updated localization files for new Waffo-related strings.
- Added new payment type and icon for Waffo in constants and UI components.
- Refactored topup info handling to include Waffo payment methods and configurations.

* feat(profile): add admin-only upstream model update notification setting

* fix(web): make sidebar module user settings actually take effect

Previously, saving sidebar module preferences in profile had no effect
because the client ignored user-level sidebar_modules entirely. This
fix wires user config into useSidebarConfig so the sidebar updates
immediately without a page refresh.

Changes:
- Add UserPermissions type with sidebar_settings/sidebar_modules fields
- Refactor useSidebarConfig to merge admin × user config with AND logic
- Sync sidebar_modules to auth store on save for immediate UI updates
- Conditionally render SidebarModulesCard based on user permissions
- Treat null/empty user config as "do not narrow" for legacy users

* feat(web): add custom OAuth provider CRUD and login button support

Migrate custom OAuth from v1 to v2:
- Admin CRUD UI with provider table, form dialog, preset templates, and OIDC discovery
- Login page renders dynamic buttons for custom OAuth providers
- Fix account bindings display showing "Not bound" text when already bound

* feat(web): add ServerAddress, SMTPForceAuthLogin, CreateCacheRatio and group special usable settings

Migrate missing v1 system settings to v2:
- ServerAddress input in General > System Information
- SMTPForceAuthLogin toggle in Integrations > Email
- CreateCacheRatio JSON editor in Models > Ratio
- Group special usable group rules editor in Models > Ratio

* feat(web): wire user subscriptions dialog to users table row actions

The UserSubscriptionsDialog component already existed but had no entry point
in the users table dropdown menu. Add "Manage Subscriptions" menu item.

* chore(web): update i18n translations for new settings and custom OAuth

* 💎 refactor(web): redesign pricing page with flat, typography-driven layout

* 🌐 chore(i18n): complete missing translations and normalize project config

- Add 425+ missing translations across fr, ja, ru, zh, vi locales
  for subscription management, sidebar navigation, Grok settings,
  upstream model updates, pricing page, and other UI components
- Add 37 missing i18n keys used in t() calls but absent from locale
  files (pricing filters, display options, audio/cache labels, etc.)
- Fix stale tech stack info in CLAUDE.md, AGENTS.md, and project.mdc:
  React 18 → 19, Vite → Rsbuild, Semi Design → Radix UI + Tailwind
- Fix i18n key format description: "Chinese source strings" → English
- Deduplicate .cursor/rules/project.mdc to avoid triple-loading the
  same rules already present in root CLAUDE.md and AGENTS.md
- Add i18n-translate Cursor skill for repeatable translation workflow

* 🎨 refactor(web): redesign dashboard with flat, typography-driven layout

Replace Card-based dashboard components with a flat, border-driven design
system consistent with the pricing page, following the ui-style.mdc conventions.

Overview section:
- StatCard: replace Card wrapper with flat flex layout, monospace tabular
  values, uppercase tracking-wider labels, layered opacity hierarchy
- PanelWrapper: replace Card/CardHeader/CardContent with rounded-lg border
  container and border-b header
- SummaryCards: merge three stat cards into a single bordered container
  with divide-x separators; decouple border from stagger animation to
  prevent border deformation during entrance transitions
- ApiInfoPanel/Item: full-width list rows with border-b separators,
  monospace route names, layered opacity for URLs and descriptions
- AnnouncementsPanel: native button rows with hover:bg-muted/40, i18n for
  "Click for details" hint
- FAQPanel: lighter border-border/60 accordion dividers, muted answer text
- UptimePanel: uppercase tracking-wider group headers with bg-muted/30
  background, monospace uptime percentages, fine-grained border opacity

Models section:
- LogStatCards: replace Card with rounded-lg border + divide-x grid,
  fix react-hooks/exhaustive-deps by destructuring props before useEffect
- ModelCharts: replace Card+Tabs with bordered container + custom
  segmented control matching ui-style spec
- Suspense fallbacks: match new flat skeleton layout with accurate
  column structure

Animation:
- Wrap models section in FadeIn with staggered delay
- Keep CardStagger for overview panel grid (each panel has own border)

Other:
- Add ui-style.mdc cursor rule documenting the design language
- Disable react-refresh/only-export-components for src/routes/** in
  eslint config (TanStack Router route files always export Route objects)
- Fix zh.json: "Token-based" translation "基于令牌的" → "按量计费"

* ✨ refactor(web): adopt flat dot-and-text design for all status badges

Replace the bordered/colored-background StatusBadge and Badge components
across the entire frontend with a minimal flat design: a small colored
dot followed by colored text, eliminating visual noise from heavy
borders, backgrounds, and rounded pill shapes.

Key changes:

- Redesign StatusBadge to use dot + text instead of bordered pill style,
  removing cva-based background/border variants in favor of exported
  dotColorMap and textColorMap lookup tables
- Add children prop support to StatusBadge for flexible content rendering
  alongside the existing label prop
- Migrate all Badge usages (except pricing page) to StatusBadge with
  appropriate variant mappings (default→info, secondary→neutral,
  outline→neutral, destructive→danger)
- Consolidate adjacent multi-badge groups into single-dot layouts with
  dot separators (·) to reduce visual clutter in:
  - Channel balance columns (used + remaining)
  - Channel type column (type + IO.NET indicator)
  - User invite info column (invited + revenue + inviter)
  - Usage log stats bar (usage + RPM + TPM)
  - Usage log time/FRT column (time + FRT + stream status)
  - Subscription plan counts (active + expired)
  - Channel affinity scope/regex/key-source columns
  - Prefill group card headers (type + ID)
- Export dotColorMap and textColorMap for direct use in custom inline
  layouts that need consistent status colors without the full component

* ✨ refactor(web): redesign public layout and landing page with modern UI

Overhaul the public-facing layout, header, and homepage to deliver a
polished, animation-rich landing experience inspired by contemporary
SaaS design patterns.

Header:
- Replace sticky header with fixed floating navbar that compacts into
  a pill-shaped glass-morphism bar on scroll (backdrop-blur + ring)
- Add smooth 700ms cubic-bezier transitions for scroll-based shrinking
- Build full-screen mobile menu overlay with staggered entry animations
- Remove background color from logo container, show logo image directly

Homepage sections:
- Hero: gradient text title, radial gradient + grid pattern background,
  interactive terminal demo showcasing API request/response
- Terminal demo: auto-cycles through gpt-4o, claude-sonnet-4-20250514,
  gemini-2.5-pro, deepseek-chat with smooth cross-fade transitions,
  clickable model badges, dual theme support (light/dark), fixed height
- Stats: animated counters driven by IntersectionObserver with
  cubic-bezier easing, supports integer and decimal modes
- Features: Bento grid layout with gap-px border technique, each card
  includes contextual visuals (model list, security badge, workflow)
- How It Works: new three-step process section (Configure → Connect →
  Monitor) with connecting gradient line and numbered badges
- CTA: gradient mesh background with scale-in scroll animation
- Footer: streamlined brand column + link columns layout

New components:
- AnimateInView: IntersectionObserver-based scroll animation component
  supporting fade-up, fade-in, scale-in, fade-left, fade-right
- HeroTerminalDemo: themed terminal with model carousel and live
  request/response preview

CSS:
- Add landing page scroll-triggered keyframe animations
- Add terminal demo animations (blink cursor, spinner, pulse indicator)
- Respect prefers-reduced-motion throughout

i18n:
- Add 17 new translation keys across all 6 locales (en/zh/fr/ja/ru/vi)

* ✨ feat(web): align usage logs and channels with legacy UI

Usage logs
- Show Refund (type 6) in detail dialog and hide conversion chain for refunds
- Sync filter dialog state from URL for model, token, group, username, and requestId

Channels
- Support optional stream flag in channel test API, actions, and test dialog
- Show upstream model update badges (+added / -removed) on fetchable channel types
- Add form fields and drawer toggles for upstream model update check and auto-sync
- Persist upstream model update flags in channel settings JSON for fetchable types

i18n
- Add locale strings for upstream model update UI (en, zh, fr, ja, ru, vi)

* 🐛 fix(web): prevent transient vertical scrollbar on tables during animations

Add overflow-y-clip to the shared Table container (data-slot=table-container)
alongside overflow-x-auto. Setting overflow-x to auto implicitly pairs with
overflow-y: auto in browsers, which made the table shell briefly show a
vertical scrollbar during route enter motion (y/blur) and table row stagger.

Remove the redundant descendant selector workaround from the model pricing
GroupPricingSection; behavior is now covered globally by the Table component.

* 🏗️ refactor(web): redesign console layout with fixed header, scrollable content, and pinned footer

Overhaul the authenticated console layout to match the OpenAI dashboard
pattern: header and page title bar stay fixed at the top, only the
content area scrolls, and table pagination is pinned to the bottom.

Layout architecture:
- Lock SidebarInset to full viewport height (h-svh) so all inner
  regions are controlled by flexbox instead of document scroll
- Convert Main from a generic div to a semantic <main> flex container
  with overflow-hidden, removing the legacy `fixed` prop and
  `data-layout` attribute
- Strip scroll-shadow logic and `fixed` prop from Header/AppHeader;
  the header is now naturally fixed as a shrink-0 flex child
- Restructure SectionPageLayout into three flex regions: a shrink-0
  title bar, a flex-1 overflow-auto content area, and a shrink-0
  footer portal target with empty:hidden
- Add min-h-0 to AnimatedOutlet wrappers to prevent flex overflow

Footer portal system:
- Introduce PageFooterProvider / PageFooterPortal (React Context +
  createPortal) so deeply nested table components can render their
  DataTablePagination into the fixed footer without prop drilling
- Migrate all 8 data tables (api-keys, channels, users, models,
  deployments, usage-logs, subscriptions, redemption-codes) to use
  PageFooterPortal for pagination

Page-level fixes:
- Profile: wrap content in a scrollable flex child with proper padding
- SystemSettings: remove overflow-auto from wrapper to avoid nested
  scrollbars (sub-pages manage their own scroll)
- Playground / Error pages: remove obsolete `fixed` props

API keys UX improvement:
- Replace inline key show/hide toggle with a Popover-based reveal,
  removing toggleKeyVisibility and keyVisibility state from the
  provider context

Cleanup:
- Remove dead CSS rule for body:has([data-layout='fixed'])
- Remove unused `fixed` prop from Header, AppHeader, and Main types
- Export PageFooterPortal from layout barrel file

* 💅 refactor(web): polish table UI consistency and add pagination transitions

- Standardize primary action buttons (Create, Add, Search) to size="sm"
  across all pages for visual consistency with channels and models
- Redesign NumericSpinnerInput with minimal inline style: plain text by
  default, hover-revealed +/- buttons, click-to-edit — replacing the
  clunky bordered input with stacked chevron arrows
- Fix vertical scrollbar in channels group column by replacing
  overflow-x-auto with overflow-hidden (redundant with +N collapse)
- Simplify API keys group column: replace colorful StatusBadge pairs
  with clean typography using opacity hierarchy and dot separators
- Move API key copy loading indicator from key text to the copy button
  itself, eliminating layout shift during key resolution
- Reduce page title from text-2xl to text-lg and subtitle to text-sm
  in SectionPageLayout for a more compact header
- Add smooth opacity transition (duration-150) on all 7 server-paginated
  tables during background data fetches (isFetching && !isLoading),
  with pointer-events-none to prevent interaction during loading
- Constrain usage logs Details column width (size: 200, maxSize: 220)

* 🐛 fix(web): restore missing padding on system settings content

The console layout refactor in d2150469 moved padding ownership from
Main onto each route, but SystemSettings was missed — its Outlet
wrapper had no padding, so the content area sat flush against the
sidebar and top nav. Add `px-4 pt-6 pb-4` to match the vertical
rhythm used by SectionPageLayout and the Profile page.

* 📱 refactor(web): standardize mobile responsive layout across all table pages

Unify mobile experience for all data table pages (channels, keys, models,
deployments, usage-logs, users, redemption-codes, subscriptions) with a
consistent layout pattern and cleaner header area.

DataTableToolbar:
- Redesign mobile layout: full-width search input + collapsible filter
  toggle button with active filter count badge
- Filters, additional search, and reset button collapse into an
  expandable section on mobile, keeping the default view compact
- Desktop layout remains unchanged

SectionPageLayout:
- Tighten mobile spacing (padding, gaps) for higher content density
- Scale down title (text-base) and description (text-xs) on mobile
- Shrink action button gaps on small screens

ChannelsPrimaryButtons:
- Move Tag Mode and Sort by ID toggles into the "More" dropdown on
  mobile (via DropdownMenuCheckboxItem), freeing header space
- Desktop toggle switches remain visible outside the dropdown

MobileCardList (shared component):
- Compact list-item layout with title + badge header row and
  side-by-side key fields, replacing individual card components
- Structured (CompactRow) and fallback (FallbackRow) rendering modes
  driven by column meta (mobileTitle, mobileBadge, mobileHidden)

New MobileCardList integration:
- Users table: username as title, status as badge; hide id,
  display_name, invite_info on mobile
- Redemptions table: name as title, status as badge; hide id,
  created_time, expired_time, used_user_id on mobile
- Subscriptions table: plan title as title, enabled as badge; hide id,
  sort_order, reset, payment, total_amount, upgrade_group on mobile

Column meta updates:
- Add mobileTitle/mobileBadge/mobileHidden meta across all 8 table
  column definitions for consistent mobile field prioritization

Minor fixes:
- Hide Subscriptions Stripe/Creem alert on mobile
- Disable card hover animations on mobile via CSS media query

* 🐛 fix(web): sync favicon with custom system logo

Favicon stayed at the hardcoded /logo.png while document.title already
followed system_name, leaving tab icon and site branding out of sync.
Apply the logo as favicon from localStorage cache on startup, refresh
from getStatus(), and re-apply when useSystemConfig finishes preloading.
Extract applyFaviconToDom helper into lib/dom-utils with idempotent guard
to avoid redundant DOM writes.

* ✨ feat(web): add channel affinity rule templates and CreateCacheRatio visual editing

Port missing features from legacy frontend (b8650b9 merge) to the new
React frontend:

- Add Codex CLI and Claude CLI channel affinity rule templates with
  header passthrough presets (pass_headers operations for Originator,
  Session_id, X-Codex-*, X-Stainless-*, Anthropic-*, etc.)
- Introduce "Add Rule" dropdown menu with blank, Codex CLI, and Claude
  CLI template options in the channel affinity settings page
- Add "Fill Templates" button to batch-append both CLI templates with
  duplicate name resolution and confirmation dialog
- Support templateKey prop in RuleEditorDialog to pre-fill form fields
  from selected template, auto-expanding advanced settings when a
  param_override_template is present
- Add CreateCacheRatio support to the model ratio visual editor, edit
  dialog, and form — previously only editable in JSON mode, now fully
  integrated into the visual table column, add/edit dialog fields, and
  save/delete handlers

* 🐛 fix(web): fix content-type detection bugs in About and Home pages

- Fix About page URL detection: replace naive `startsWith('https://')`
  with proper `new URL()` validation to support both http and https, and
  handle untrimmed input that previously caused silent misdetection
- Fix About page HTML detection: remove overly broad `startsWith('<')`
  and `endsWith('>')` checks that could misclassify Markdown or XML
  content; align with LegalDocument's regex-only `isLikelyHtml` approach
- Fix Home page URL detection: same `startsWith('https://')` bug,
  replaced with `new URL()` protocol validation
- Refactor About page to use early-return pattern instead of deeply
  nested ternary expressions for better readability
- Replace About loading spinner with Skeleton placeholder consistent
  with LegalDocument
- Add `prose prose-neutral dark:prose-invert` typography classes to
  About HTML/Markdown rendering for proper dark mode support
- Remove unused `Code` icon import from About page

* ✨ feat(web): port missing features from legacy frontend and complete i18n

Backport and enhance several features from the old frontend (web/old)
that were missing or incomplete in the new React frontend:

- Playground & channel test: parse structured JSON error responses from
  SSE streams and non-streaming API calls, extract error codes, and
  display actionable UI for `model_price_error` (admin settings link)
- User management: replace local quota manipulation with atomic
  server-side quota adjustments (add/subtract/override) via dedicated
  API endpoint, making the quota field read-only in the edit drawer
- Subscriptions: display next quota reset time for active subscriptions
- Dashboard: limit model ranking chart to top 20 models with an "Other"
  bucket, add dimension tooltips with sorted values and totals to model
  call trend and user consumption trend charts
- i18n: add 24 new translation keys across all 6 locales (en, zh, fr,
  ja, ru, vi) for the newly introduced UI elements and messages

* 🎨 feat: add backend-configurable frontend theme switching (default/classic)

Introduce runtime frontend theme switching so administrators can switch
between the new frontend (Radix UI + Tailwind) and the classic frontend
(Semi Design) from the settings page without restarting the server.

Directory restructuring:
- Move new frontend from web/ to web/default/
- Move classic frontend from web/old/ to web/classic/
- One-frontend-per-folder layout for extensibility

Backend (injection pattern):
- Add setting/system_setting/theme.go with GlobalConfig.Register("theme")
  so the DB key "theme.frontend" is handled automatically by
  handleConfigUpdate — no switch-case in updateOptionMap needed
- Use atomic.Value in common.GetTheme()/SetTheme() for lock-free
  concurrent reads on the hot path (static file middleware)
- Add themeAwareFileSystem that delegates to the correct embedded FS
  based on the current theme at request time
- Embed both frontends into the binary via go:embed
- Add controller validation for theme.frontend values
- Expose theme in GET /api/status response

Frontend settings UI:
- New frontend: add "Frontend Theme" select in System Information section
  using Radix UI Select + react-hook-form + Zod validation
- Classic frontend: add "前端主题" select in Personalization section
  using Semi Design Form.Select

Build system:
- Update Dockerfile with multi-stage builds for both frontends
- Update Makefile with separate build targets for each frontend
- Update GitHub Actions release workflow for dual frontend builds

i18n:
- New frontend: add translations for all 6 locales (en/zh/fr/ja/ru/vi)
- Classic frontend: add translations for all 7 locales (en/zh-TW/ja/fr/ru/vi)
- Fix zh "AI Proxy Library" → "AI 代理库"

Documentation:
- Update CLAUDE.md, AGENTS.md, .cursor/rules/project.mdc to reflect
  the new web/default/ and web/classic/ directory structure

* ✨ feat(web): add allow_speed passthrough for Claude channels, fix multi-key index and inference_geo scope

- Add `allow_speed` toggle for Anthropic (type 14) channels to control
  Claude inference speed mode passthrough, with full form schema,
  settings persistence, and UI switch
- Fix `allow_inference_geo` to also apply to Anthropic (type 14) channels,
  not just OpenAI (type 1), matching the backend behavior for Claude data
  residency region control
- Fix multi-key management dialog to display 1-based key indices instead
  of 0-based (#{key.index + 1})
- Fix TypeScript type error in section-registry by adding type assertion
  for theme.frontend enum
- Add i18n translations for all new keys across 6 locales (en, zh, fr,
  ja, ru, vi)

* 🧹 chore: clean up editor configs, consolidate agent skills, and set classic as default theme

- Add .cursor/ to .gitignore and remove tracked editor config files
  (.cursor/rules/, .cursor/skills/) from version control
- Consolidate .agents/skills/vercel-react-best-practices by keeping only
  the compiled AGENTS.md and removing redundant SKILL.md and 57 individual
  rule files under rules/
- Change default frontend theme from "default" to "classic" in both
  common/constants.go init and setting/system_setting/theme.go

* feat: Frontend Tiered Pricing, Waffo Payments, and Rsbuild 2 Upgrade (#24)

* feat(ui): add codex extra limits, key last used, and admin audit surfaces

- codex usage dialog: render `additional_rate_limits` with `RateLimitGroupSection` and typed base/secondary window data.
- api keys table: add "Last Used" column from `accessed_time`.
- usage log details: show top-up audit and manage operator for admins; extend `LogOtherData` audit fields; broaden IP display; warn when legacy records lack audit data.
- billing history: show user id badge for admins; add zh i18n for new strings.

* feat(web): add dynamic pricing breakdown and Waffo Pancake payments

- add billing-expr parsing and DynamicPricingBreakdown; surface tiered_expr in model list/details.
- extend PricingModel with billing_mode, billing_expr, and pricing_version for backend parity.
- add Waffo Pancake integration settings, amount/pay APIs, hook, and recharge flow wiring.
- update payment confirm/recharge UI and Chinese locale strings.

* feat(pricing): add tiered billing editor and tool price settings

- introduce tier-expr and extend billing-expr (time/param conditions, combine/split helpers, editor utilities) for visual tiers and request rules.
- support tiered_expr in model ratio dialog, form, and visual editor with billing_setting fields and default JSON placeholders.
- add TieredPricingEditor and tool price settings UI plus i18n updates.

* chore(web): bump rsbuild to v2 and align build config

- upgrade @rsbuild/core, @rsbuild/plugin-react, and Rspack 2 transitives; bump TanStack Router packages and refresh bun.lock.
- replace deprecated performance.chunkSplit with top-level splitChunks cache groups for react, radix, and tanstack vendors.
- factor dev server proxy into devProxy; set legalComments to none in prod; enable performance.buildCache keyed by VITE_REACT_APP_VERSION.
- TanStack Router plugin: enable autoCodeSplitting only in production for faster dev navigation and HMR.

* fix(i18n): update translations for API keys and Waffo Pancake settings

- Corrected translations for "API Private Key" and "Merchant ID is required" across multiple languages.
- Added new translation for "Configure Waffo Pancake hosted checkout integration for USD-priced top-ups."
- Updated various existing translations to ensure consistency and clarity in user interface text.

* refactor(code-block): simplify code highlighting and improve theme handling

- Updated the highlightCode function to support dual themes in a single call, reducing complexity.
- Removed unnecessary state management for dark theme HTML, streamlining the component.
- Enhanced CSS for Shiki themes to ensure proper token color application in dark mode.

* refactor(wallet): use isWaffoPancakePayment for pancake payment dispatch

- replace the waffo_pancake string literal with the shared helper for consistency with use-payment and PAYMENT_TYPES.
- centralize the value so a constant change does not require hunting for typos in multiple call sites.

* fix(wallet): validate waffo pancake checkout url and safe open

- allow only parseable http/https redirect targets from the backend, rejecting dangerous schemes.
- pass noopener and noreferrer in window.open to reduce reverse tabnabbing.
- show a toast and abort on invalid URLs; add i18n entries across locales.

* fix(wallet): harden payment icon image URLs

- add normalizeHttpIconUrl to allow only http(s) after resolution and reject userinfo in URLs.
- set referrerPolicy, lazy loading, and async decode on the icon <img> to cut referrer leakage.
- fall back to built-in icons on invalid URLs, same as when iconUrl is missing.

* fix(pricing): label param() conditions as body param in dynamic pricing

- non-header request rules map to `param()`, not query strings.
- align with tiered pricing editor by using the existing `Body param` string.

* fix(rsbuild): update legalComments handling in build config

- Rely on Rsbuild's default legalComments setting in all modes to ensure compliance with open-source licensing requirements.
- Clarified comments to explain the implications of omitting legalComments in production.

* fix(i18n): correct billing and codex UI strings in locale files

- restore ~83 en.json values to English (tool pricing, audit text, alipay label, etc.).
- add proper fr/ru/vi/ja strings so those locales no longer copy zh.
- change five locale files only; zh.json unchanged.

* fix(i18n): update locale files for improved translations and sync report

- Added missing translations and corrected existing strings in English, French, Japanese, Russian, Vietnamese, and Chinese locale files.
- Updated the sync report to reflect zero missing translations across multiple locales.
- Enhanced the untranslated count for Japanese locale to ensure completeness.
- Changed the base locale from zh.json to en.json for better alignment.

* chore(agents): add i18n-translate agent skill

- add `.agents/skills/i18n-translate/SKILL.md` documenting locale layout under `web/default` and
  `bun run i18n:sync` usage.
- capture a repeatable maintainer workflow with embedded script examples to find missing keys
  and untranslated values.
- give agents a clear path to complete and verify translations across en, zh, fr, ja, ru, and vi.

* feat(settings): hide frontend theme setting (#25)

* feat(settings): hide frontend theme setting

- add a local hidden feature flag with window.newapiUnlock support.
- hide the frontend theme option by default and reveal it immediately after unlock.

* feat(settings): support click unlock for frontend theme setting

- add a shared hidden click unlock hook for repeated-click gated UI.
- reveal the frontend theme option after triple-clicking the system information title.
- preserve the Doubao API address ten-click unlock behavior and remove global unlock functions.

* feat(sync 59337e9): Sync classic tiered billing, upstream price synchronization, and model management features to web/default (#26)

* feat(skill): add classic-to-default-sync skill for auditing and syncing web/classic changes to web/default

- Introduced a new skill to inspect a given commit's changes in web/classic and synchronize features and fixes to web/default.
- Documented workflow steps for extracting diffs, mapping changes, triaging, implementing, and reporting on the synchronization process.
- Emphasized quality standards and internationalization considerations for new user-visible strings.

* feat(web/default): sync billing and model management features from classic

- add `len` condition variable (total input context length); introduce
  BILLING_PRICING_VARS / BILLING_CONDITION_VARS to separate pricing vars
  from condition-only vars; fix tier condition regex to accept `len`.
- rewrite upstream ratio sync components to support per-model grouped
  rows and new ratio types (create_cache, image, audio, billing_expr).
- add LlmPromptHelper component; update tiered presets to use `len` for
  conditions; add GLM-4.5 Air, Doubao Seed 1.8, Qwen3 Omni Flash, and
  weekend-discount presets.
- add created_at / last_login_at columns to users table; add "Removed
  Models" tab to FetchModelsDialog for mapping source keys not in the
  models list.
- add extractMappingSourceModels helper; update dynamic-pricing-breakdown
  to use system currency settings; add 19 i18n keys across all locales.

* ✨ feat(default): surface tiered billing in usage logs and gate Passkey ops behind 2FA

Continues the classic-to-default sync (commit 1be6cdb) by porting the
remaining audit-log, pricing-hint, and Passkey lifecycle features from
web/classic to web/default using the default frontend's component
patterns (Radix UI, Tailwind, shadcn-style dialogs).

* feat(usage-logs): show tiered_expr breakdown and matched tier in details

  - Extend `LogOtherData` with `billing_mode`, `expr_b64`, and
    `matched_tier` fields populated by the backend for tiered logs.
  - Add `decodeBillingExprB64`, `resolveMatchedTier`, and
    `getTieredBillingSummary` helpers in `usage-logs/lib/format.ts` that
    centralise tiered-billing parsing on top of the canonical
    `parseTiersFromExpr` / `BILLING_PRICING_VARS` from the pricing
    feature, instead of duplicating the classic-frontend renderer.
  - Render `<DynamicPricingBreakdown>` inside the consume-log details
    dialog with the matched tier row highlighted in emerald and tagged
    "Matched"; suppress the legacy claude/audio/image cost rows when a
    tiered expression is in effect.
  - Surface per-tier prices and the matched tier label in log row
    segments and the billing breakdown table.

* feat(pricing): show tier-count, time-based, and request-based hints in model list

  - Add `summarizeTieredExpr` that derives compact dynamic-pricing
    metadata (tier count + presence of time/request conditions) from a
    `tiered_expr` model, computed once per render via `useMemo`, so
    users can tell *what kind* of dynamic pricing applies before
    drilling into the model details.
  - Render the hints alongside the existing "Dynamic Pricing" badge in
    `<ModelRow>`.
  - Extend `<DynamicPricingBreakdown>` with a `matchedTierLabel` prop so
    the same component can be reused from the usage-log details dialog
    to highlight the tier that actually fired.

* feat(profile): require Security Verification for Passkey register/remove

  - Wire `usePasskeyManagement` through `useSecureVerification` and
    `<SecureVerificationDialog>` in `<PasskeyCard>`.
  - Registration prompts for 2FA before issuing the Passkey credential
    (only when 2FA is already enabled — otherwise the browser-level
    Passkey prompt itself acts as proof of presence and we register
    directly).
  - Removal prompts for 2FA or Passkey, whichever the account has
    enabled, with informative toasts when neither method is available
    or the device lacks Passkey support.
  - Scope the dialog method set to the required factor so users cannot
    fall back to a weaker method, and propagate cancellation cleanly.

* refactor: tighten upstream-ratio-sync and fix tier editor narrowing

  - Drop the unused `hasSynced` state and dead `getOrderedRatioTypes` /
    `isSelectableUpstreamValue` imports from `upstream-ratio-sync.tsx`.
  - In the cost estimator, narrow `BILLING_EXTRA_VARS` entries with a
    null-`field` guard to silence the type checker and make the
    "pricing variables only" contract explicit.
  - Apply Prettier-consistent formatting to the upstream-ratio-sync
    table/columns, channel mutate drawer, system info section,
    tier-expr, and wallet helpers (no behaviour change).

* i18n: add 9 keys across en/zh/fr/ja/ru/vi

  - `{{count}} tiers`, `Billing Process`, `Matched`, `Matched Tier`,
    `Request-based`, `Security verification`, `Time-based`, plus the
    two new Passkey verification description strings.

* 🔧 refactor(default): align upstream price sync, tiered billing, and fetch-models with classic 59337e9

Port and optimize the remaining web/classic features from commit 59337e9 to web/default,
covering upstream price synchronization, tiered billing expressions, model fetching, and
channel preset detection. Improve component architecture, memoization, and i18n coverage.

Upstream Price Sync
- Extend sync to all ratio fields: CacheRatio, CreateCacheRatio, ImageRatio,
  AudioRatio, AudioCompletionRatio in addition to ModelRatio / CompletionRatio
  / ModelPrice
- Add tiered billing sync (billing_mode + billing_expr) with auto-pairing so
  selecting one upstream tier value populates the other from the same source
- Bulk select / unselect per upstream column with indeterminate checkbox state
  reflecting partial selection
- Confidence indicators warn when an upstream entry is heuristically derived
- Conflict confirm dialog gains loading state and disables actions during sync
- Default endpoint per channel: /api/pricing for official preset,
  /api/models.dev for the models.dev preset, /api/v1/models for OpenRouter,
  with the rest falling back to the global default
- Rename tab label from "Upstream sync" to "Upstream price sync" for clarity

Tiered Pricing Editor
- Add `len` (full input length, including cache hits) as a tier-condition
  variable to avoid mis-routing when cache hits reduce `p`
- When inserting a new tier, automatically convert the previous catch-all into
  a bounded tier with a `len <= X` upper bound
- Cap each tier at 0~2 conditions and disable the add-condition button at the
  limit, with an Alert explaining the recommended `len` usage
- Extend presets with Multimodal (img / img_o / ai / ao), Request rule
  (header/param matching), and Time-based (hour / weekday) entries
- Embed an LLM prompt helper that copies a model-aware template for designing
  expressions with ChatGPT / Claude

Fetch Models Dialog
- Add a "Removed Models" tab listing models still in the local selection but
  no longer returned by the upstream listing
- Exclude `model_mapping` source keys from the removed view so aliases never
  appear as missing entries
- Force-remount tab content on tab switch via `key` prop to clear stale state
- Switch count placeholders to `{{count}}` interpolation across "Existing
  Models", "New Models", and "Removed Models" labels

Channel Selector & Constants
- Recognize the models.dev preset (id, base_url, name) alongside the existing
  official-channel preset detection
- Add MODELS_DEV_PRESET_* and OPENROUTER_* constants and reorder
  ENDPOINT_OPTIONS so `pricing` is preferred over `ratio_config`
- Expose the new ratio types in RATIO_TYPE_OPTIONS for the sync filter

Types
- Add optional `type` field to UpstreamChannel for endpoint inference
- Extend RatioType union with create_cache_ratio, image_ratio, audio_ratio,
  audio_completion_ratio, billing_mode, and billing_expr

Code Quality & Performance
- Extract upstream-ratio-sync-helpers.ts to host shared types
  (RatioDifferenceEntry, ModelRow, ResolutionsMap), field ordering
  (RATIO_SYNC_FIELDS, SYNC_FIELD_ORDER, NUMERIC_SYNC_FIELDS), and selection
  logic (getPreferredSyncField, isSelectableUpstreamValue, getSyncFieldLabel)
- Memoize the column definitions in useUpstreamRatioSyncColumns and pull the
  per-cell rendering into a renderUpstreamValue helper to remove inline IIFEs
- Wrap handleBulkSelect / handleBulkUnselect in useCallback for stable refs;
  rename the misleading `_upstream` parameter to `upstream`
- Convert parsedRatios from useCallback (returning a function) to useMemo
  (returning the value) and update all call sites to read it as a value
- Memoize the channels list with useMemo so the endpoint-init effect no
  longer fires on every render due to a fresh `?? []` reference

i18n
- Add and translate new keys ("Upstream price sync", "Audio Ratio", "Audio
  Completion Ratio", "Cache Create Ratio", "Image Ratio", "Expression
  Billing", "Fixed Price", "{{n}} model(s) selected", tier guidance, etc.)
  across en, zh, fr, ja, ru, vi
- Fix truncated keys ("Existing Models (", "New Models (", "Removed Models (")
  to proper {{count}} interpolated forms in every locale
- bun run i18n:sync reports 0 missing and 0 extra keys for every locale

Verification
- bun run typecheck: pass
- bun run lint: pass
- bun run i18n:sync: pass (0 missing / 0 extras across all locales)

* 🐛 fix(default): port classic 73e5557 tiered-billing fixes and dedupe Title-Case ratio i18n keys

Sync the web/classic frontend fixes from upstream merge 73e5557 to
web/default, and clean up duplicated Title-Case ratio labels in the
upstream sync UI that were shadowing the canonical sentence-case i18n
keys.

Cache-token filter for tiered model price (port of 9f8a4ec05)
- The matched-tier breakdown shown in the usage-log details dialog
  and in the log table previously listed every cache-related price
  (Cache Read, Cache Write, Cache Write 1h) regardless of whether
  the request actually consumed cache tokens.
- `getTieredBillingSummary` in `usage-logs/lib/format.ts` now skips
  `cache`-group vars when none of `cache_tokens`,
  `cache_creation_tokens`, `cache_creation_tokens_5m`, or
  `cache_creation_tokens_1h` are positive, mirroring the classic
  `renderTieredModelPrice` / `renderTieredModelPriceSimple` logic.
- Extract `hasAnyCacheTokens(other)` as an exported helper so the
  predicate is defined once.
- Add a `hideCacheColumns?: boolean` prop to
  `DynamicPricingBreakdown` and wire it up from the log details
  dialog so the full tier table hides cache columns under the same
  condition. `model-details.tsx` keeps the default (show all
  configured prices), since that view represents the model's
  pricing structure rather than a specific call.

`tiered_expr` ratio/price fallback during sync delays (port of bee339d27)
- When saving a model in tiered-expression mode, the visual editor
  used to delete every ratio/price map entry for the model and only
  write `billing_setting.billing_mode` /
  `billing_setting.billing_expr`. In multi-instance deployments,
  instances that had not yet observed the billing_setting update
  fell back to ratios that no longer existed, breaking pricing.
- `model-ratio-dialog.tsx`: `handleSubmit` always passes every form
  field (`price`, `ratio`, `cacheRatio`, `createCacheRatio`,
  `completionRatio`, `imageRatio`, `audioRatio`,
  `audioCompletionRatio`) into the data object regardless of
  `pricingMode`, so a switch from per-token to tiered_expr no
  longer drops the previously entered ratios.
- `model-ratio-visual-editor.tsx`:
  - The row builder now also surfaces ratio/price values for
    `tiered_expr` rows, so they survive the edit-and-save round
    trip and the next save.
  - `handleSave` factors out a `setIfPresent` helper and persists
    ratio/price entries for `tiered_expr` models alongside
    billing_mode / billing_expr. These act purely as fallback
    because the backend's `ModelPriceHelper` checks `billing_mode`
    first.
  - Cell rendering mutes ratio/price values whenever the row is
    `tiered_expr` (in addition to the existing per-request
    muting), making it visually clear the values are fallback,
    not the active pricing source.

i18n: dedupe Title-Case ratio labels in upstream sync
- `upstream-ratio-sync` `RATIO_TYPE_OPTIONS` previously used
  Title-Case labels (`Model Ratio`, `Cache Ratio`, `Audio
  Completion Ratio`, …) that were rendered through `t()` but never
  existed as canonical keys in the catalogue. The form-field side
  has used sentence-case (`Model ratio`, `Cache ratio`, …) for
  some time, leaving two parallel translation entries per ratio
  type and causing the upstream sync UI to fall back to the
  English source string in zh/ja/ru/fr/vi.
- Rewrite `RATIO_TYPE_OPTIONS` in
  `system-settings/models/constants.ts` and the conflict-detection
  labels in `upstream-ratio-sync.tsx` to reuse the sentence-case
  keys.
- Drop the duplicate Title-Case entries from every locale and
  promote the better translations onto the surviving sentence-case
  keys (e.g. zh `Image ratio` keeps "图片倍率", `Audio completion
  ratio` keeps "音频补全倍率").
- Add a comment to `RATIO_TYPE_OPTIONS` warning future
  contributors not to switch back to Title Case without updating
  the catalogue.

Note on backend fix 4e93148d9
- The backend portion of the merge (allocating a fresh map in
  `updateConfigFromMap` so removed keys are properly cleared) is
  already on HEAD; no additional change is needed.

Verification
- `bun run typecheck`: pass
- `bun run lint`: pass
- `bun run i18n:sync`: 0 missing / 0 extras across
  en / zh / fr / ja / ru / vi

---------

Co-authored-by: Seefs <40468931+seefs001@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Seefs <i@seefs.me>
Co-authored-by: feitianbubu <feitianbubu@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: Calcium-Ion <i@caion.me>
Co-authored-by: Xyfacai <xyfacai@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: xiangsx <1984871009@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: 郑伯涛 <351175318@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: RedwindA <austinaosid@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: dean <1006393151@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: QuentinHsu <xuquentinyang@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Bliod <bliod@bliod.lan>
Co-authored-by: Apple\Apple <zeraturing@foxmail.com>

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/channel-selector-dialog.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react'
+import {
+  flexRender,
+  getCoreRowModel,
+  getFilteredRowModel,
+  getPaginationRowModel,
+  useReactTable,
+  type ColumnDef,
+  type RowSelectionState,
+} from '@tanstack/react-table'
+import { Search } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
+import { Checkbox } from '@/components/ui/checkbox'
+import {
+  Dialog,
+  DialogContent,
+  DialogDescription,
+  DialogFooter,
+  DialogHeader,
+  DialogTitle,
+} from '@/components/ui/dialog'
+import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
+import {
+  Select,
+  SelectContent,
+  SelectItem,
+  SelectTrigger,
+  SelectValue,
+} from '@/components/ui/select'
+import {
+  Table,
+  TableBody,
+  TableCell,
+  TableHead,
+  TableHeader,
+  TableRow,
+} from '@/components/ui/table'
+import { DataTablePagination } from '@/components/data-table/pagination'
+import { StatusBadge } from '@/components/status-badge'
+import type { UpstreamChannel } from '../types'
+import {
+  CHANNEL_STATUS_CONFIG,
+  DEFAULT_ENDPOINT,
+  ENDPOINT_OPTIONS,
+  MODELS_DEV_PRESET_ID,
+  OFFICIAL_CHANNEL_ID,
+} from './constants'
+
+type ChannelSelectorDialogProps = {
+  open: boolean
+  onOpenChange: (open: boolean) => void
+  channels: UpstreamChannel[]
+  selectedChannelIds: number[]
+  onSelectedChannelIdsChange: (ids: number[]) => void
+  channelEndpoints: Record<number, string>
+  onChannelEndpointsChange: (endpoints: Record<number, string>) => void
+  onConfirm: (selectedIds: number[]) => void
+}
+
+// Synthesized presets from `controller/ratio_sync.go` always carry stable
+// negative IDs, so matching by ID alone is reliable and self-documenting.
+function isOfficialChannel(channel: UpstreamChannel): boolean {
+  return (
+    channel.id === OFFICIAL_CHANNEL_ID || channel.id === MODELS_DEV_PRESET_ID
+  )
+}
+
+export function ChannelSelectorDialog({
+  open,
+  onOpenChange,
+  channels,
+  selectedChannelIds,
+  onSelectedChannelIdsChange,
+  channelEndpoints,
+  onChannelEndpointsChange,
+  onConfirm,
+}: ChannelSelectorDialogProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const [search, setSearch] = useState('')
+  const [rowSelection, setRowSelection] = useState<RowSelectionState>({})
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!selectedChannelIds.length) {
+      setRowSelection({})
+      return
+    }
+
+    const availableChannelIds = new Set(channels.map((channel) => channel.id))
+    const newSelection: RowSelectionState = {}
+
+    selectedChannelIds.forEach((id) => {
+      if (availableChannelIds.has(id)) {
+        newSelection[id.toString()] = true
+      }
+    })
+
+    setRowSelection(newSelection)
+  }, [selectedChannelIds, channels])
+
+  const updateEndpoint = useCallback(
+    (channelId: number, endpoint: string) => {
+      onChannelEndpointsChange({
+        ...channelEndpoints,
+        [channelId]: endpoint,
+      })
+    },
+    [channelEndpoints, onChannelEndpointsChange]
+  )
+
+  const getEndpointType = (endpoint: string) => {
+    const option = ENDPOINT_OPTIONS.find((opt) => opt.value === endpoint)
+    return option ? endpoint : 'custom'
+  }
+
+  const columns = useMemo<ColumnDef<UpstreamChannel>[]>(
+    () => [
+      {
+        id: 'select',
+        header: ({ table }) => (
+          <Checkbox
+            checked={
+              table.getIsAllPageRowsSelected() ||
+              (table.getIsSomePageRowsSelected() && 'indeterminate')
+            }
+            onCheckedChange={(value) =>
+              table.toggleAllPageRowsSelected(!!value)
+            }
+            aria-label='Select all'
+          />
+        ),
+        cell: ({ row }) => (
+          <Checkbox
+            checked={row.getIsSelected()}
+            onCheckedChange={(value) => row.toggleSelected(!!value)}
+            aria-label='Select row'
+          />
+        ),
+        enableSorting: false,
+        enableHiding: false,
+      },
+      {
+        accessorKey: 'name',
+        header: t('Name'),
+        cell: ({ row }) => {
+          const name = row.getValue('name') as string
+          const channel = row.original
+          const isOfficial = isOfficialChannel(channel)
+
+          return (
+            <div className='flex items-center gap-2'>
+              <span className='font-medium'>{name}</span>
+              {isOfficial && (
+                <StatusBadge
+                  label={t('Official')}
+                  variant='success'
+                  size='sm'
+                  copyable={false}
+                />
+              )}
+            </div>
+          )
+        },
+      },
+      {
+        accessorKey: 'base_url',
+        header: t('Base URL'),
+        cell: ({ row }) => {
+          const url = row.getValue('base_url') as string
+          return (
+            <span
+              className='text-muted-foreground block max-w-xs truncate font-mono text-xs'
+              title={url}
+            >
+              {url}
+            </span>
+          )
+        },
+      },
+      {
+        accessorKey: 'status',
+        header: t('Status'),
+        cell: ({ row }) => {
+          const status = row.getValue('status') as number
+          const config =
+            CHANNEL_STATUS_CONFIG[status as keyof typeof CHANNEL_STATUS_CONFIG]
+
+          if (!config) {
+            return (
+              <StatusBadge
+                label={t('Unknown')}
+                variant='neutral'
+                size='sm'
+                copyable={false}
+              />
+            )
+          }
+
+          return (
+            <StatusBadge
+              label={config.label}
+              variant={config.variant}
+              size='sm'
+              copyable={false}
+            />
+          )
+        },
+      },
+      {
+        id: 'endpoint',
+        header: t('Sync Endpoint'),
+        cell: ({ row }) => {
+          const channel = row.original
+          const currentEndpoint =
+            channelEndpoints[channel.id] || DEFAULT_ENDPOINT
+          const endpointType = getEndpointType(currentEndpoint)
+
+          const handleTypeChange = (value: string) => {
+            if (value === 'custom') {
+              updateEndpoint(channel.id, '')
+            } else {
+              updateEndpoint(channel.id, value)
+            }
+          }
+
+          return (
+            <div className='flex items-center gap-2'>
+              <Select value={endpointType} onValueChange={handleTypeChange}>
+                <SelectTrigger className='h-8 w-32'>
+                  <SelectValue />
+                </SelectTrigger>
+                <SelectContent>
+                  {ENDPOINT_OPTIONS.map((option) => (
+                    <SelectItem key={option.value} value={option.value}>
+                      {option.label}
+                    </SelectItem>
+                  ))}
+                </SelectContent>
+              </Select>
+              {endpointType === 'custom' && (
+                <Input
+                  value={currentEndpoint}
+                  onChange={(e) => updateEndpoint(channel.id, e.target.value)}
+                  placeholder={t('/your/endpoint')}
+                  className='h-8 w-40 font-mono text-xs'
+                />
+              )}
+            </div>
+          )
+        },
+      },
+    ],
+    [channelEndpoints, t, updateEndpoint]
+  )
+
+  const filteredChannels = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!search.trim()) return channels
+
+    const searchLower = search.toLowerCase()
+    return channels.filter(
+      (ch) =>
+        ch.name.toLowerCase().includes(searchLower) ||
+        ch.base_url.toLowerCase().includes(searchLower)
+    )
+  }, [channels, search])
+
+  const sortedChannels = useMemo(() => {
+    return [...filteredChannels].sort((a, b) => {
+      const aIsOfficial = isOfficialChannel(a)
+      const bIsOfficial = isOfficialChannel(b)
+      if (aIsOfficial && !bIsOfficial) return -1
+      if (!aIsOfficial && bIsOfficial) return 1
+      return 0
+    })
+  }, [filteredChannels])
+
+  const table = useReactTable({
+    data: sortedChannels,
+    columns,
+    state: {
+      rowSelection,
+    },
+    getRowId: (row) => row.id.toString(),
+    enableRowSelection: true,
+    onRowSelectionChange: setRowSelection,
+    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
+    getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
+    getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
+    initialState: {
+      pagination: {
+        pageSize: 10,
+      },
+    },
+  })
+
+  const handleConfirm = () => {
+    const selectedRows = table.getSelectedRowModel().rows
+    const selectedIds = selectedRows.map((row) => row.original.id)
+    onSelectedChannelIdsChange(selectedIds)
+    onOpenChange(false)
+    onConfirm(selectedIds)
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={onOpenChange}>
+      <DialogContent className='flex max-h-[90vh] max-w-[calc(100%-2rem)] flex-col sm:max-w-[90vw] xl:max-w-[1400px]'>
+        <DialogHeader>
+          <DialogTitle>{t('Select Sync Channels')}</DialogTitle>
+          <DialogDescription>
+            {t('Choose channels to sync upstream ratio configurations from')}
+          </DialogDescription>
+        </DialogHeader>
+
+        <div className='flex flex-1 flex-col gap-4 overflow-hidden'>
+          <div className='flex items-center gap-2'>
+            <div className='relative flex-1'>
+              <Search className='text-muted-foreground absolute top-1/2 left-2 h-4 w-4 -translate-y-1/2' />
+              <Input
+                placeholder={t('Search by name or URL...')}
+                value={search}
+                onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)}
+                className='ps-8'
+              />
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
+          <div className='flex-1 overflow-auto rounded-md border'>
+            <Table>
+              <TableHeader>
+                {table.getHeaderGroups().map((headerGroup) => (
+                  <TableRow key={headerGroup.id}>
+                    {headerGroup.headers.map((header) => (
+                      <TableHead key={header.id}>
+                        {header.isPlaceholder
+                          ? null
+                          : flexRender(
+                              header.column.columnDef.header,
+                              header.getContext()
+                            )}
+                      </TableHead>
+                    ))}
+                  </TableRow>
+                ))}
+              </TableHeader>
+              <TableBody>
+                {table.getRowModel().rows?.length ? (
+                  table.getRowModel().rows.map((row) => (
+                    <TableRow
+                      key={row.id}
+                      data-state={row.getIsSelected() && 'selected'}
+                    >
+                      {row.getVisibleCells().map((cell) => (
+                        <TableCell key={cell.id}>
+                          {flexRender(
+                            cell.column.columnDef.cell,
+                            cell.getContext()
+                          )}
+                        </TableCell>
+                      ))}
+                    </TableRow>
+                  ))
+                ) : (
+                  <TableRow>
+                    <TableCell
+                      colSpan={columns.length}
+                      className='h-24 text-center'
+                    >
+                      {t('No channels found')}
+                    </TableCell>
+                  </TableRow>
+                )}
+              </TableBody>
+            </Table>
+          </div>
+
+          <DataTablePagination table={table} />
+        </div>
+
+        <DialogFooter>
+          <Button variant='outline' onClick={() => onOpenChange(false)}>
+            {t('Cancel')}
+          </Button>
+          <Button onClick={handleConfirm}>{t('Confirm Selection')}</Button>
+        </DialogFooter>
+      </DialogContent>
+    </Dialog>
+  )
+}

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/claude-settings-card.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react'
+import * as z from 'zod'
+import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form'
+import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { toast } from 'sonner'
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
+import {
+  Form,
+  FormControl,
+  FormDescription,
+  FormField,
+  FormItem,
+  FormLabel,
+  FormMessage,
+} from '@/components/ui/form'
+import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
+import { Switch } from '@/components/ui/switch'
+import { Textarea } from '@/components/ui/textarea'
+import { SettingsSection } from '../components/settings-section'
+import { useUpdateOption } from '../hooks/use-update-option'
+import {
+  formatJsonForTextarea,
+  normalizeJsonString,
+  validateJsonString,
+} from './utils'
+
+const schema = z.object({
+  claude: z.object({
+    model_headers_settings: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+      const result = validateJsonString(value)
+      if (!result.valid) {
+        ctx.addIssue({
+          code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+          message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+        })
+      }
+    }),
+    default_max_tokens: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+      const result = validateJsonString(value)
+      if (!result.valid) {
+        ctx.addIssue({
+          code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+          message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+        })
+      }
+    }),
+    thinking_adapter_enabled: z.boolean(),
+    thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage: z.coerce
+      .number()
+      .min(0.1, { message: 'Must be at least 0.1' })
+      .max(1, { message: 'Must be 1 or less' }),
+  }),
+})
+
+type ClaudeSettingsFormValues = z.output<typeof schema>
+type ClaudeSettingsFormInput = z.input<typeof schema>
+
+type FlatClaudeSettings = {
+  'claude.model_headers_settings': string
+  'claude.default_max_tokens': string
+  'claude.thinking_adapter_enabled': boolean
+  'claude.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage': number
+}
+
+type ClaudeSettingsCardProps = {
+  defaultValues: ClaudeSettingsFormInput
+}
+
+export function ClaudeSettingsCard({ defaultValues }: ClaudeSettingsCardProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const updateOption = useUpdateOption()
+  const normalizedDefaultsRef = useRef<FlatClaudeSettings>({
+    'claude.model_headers_settings': normalizeJsonString(
+      defaultValues.claude.model_headers_settings
+    ),
+    'claude.default_max_tokens': normalizeJsonString(
+      defaultValues.claude.default_max_tokens
+    ),
+    'claude.thinking_adapter_enabled':
+      defaultValues.claude.thinking_adapter_enabled,
+    'claude.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage': Number(
+      defaultValues.claude.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage
+    ),
+  })
+
+  const buildFormDefaults = (
+    values: ClaudeSettingsFormInput
+  ): ClaudeSettingsFormInput => ({
+    claude: {
+      model_headers_settings: formatJsonForTextarea(
+        values.claude.model_headers_settings
+      ),
+      default_max_tokens: formatJsonForTextarea(
+        values.claude.default_max_tokens
+      ),
+      thinking_adapter_enabled: values.claude.thinking_adapter_enabled,
+      thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage:
+        values.claude.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage,
+    },
+  })
+
+  const form = useForm<
+    ClaudeSettingsFormInput,
+    unknown,
+    ClaudeSettingsFormValues
+  >({
+    resolver: zodResolver(schema),
+    defaultValues: buildFormDefaults(defaultValues),
+  })
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    normalizedDefaultsRef.current = {
+      'claude.model_headers_settings': normalizeJsonString(
+        defaultValues.claude.model_headers_settings
+      ),
+      'claude.default_max_tokens': normalizeJsonString(
+        defaultValues.claude.default_max_tokens
+      ),
+      'claude.thinking_adapter_enabled':
+        defaultValues.claude.thinking_adapter_enabled,
+      'claude.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage': Number(
+        defaultValues.claude.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage
+      ),
+    }
+
+    form.reset(buildFormDefaults(defaultValues))
+  }, [defaultValues, form])
+
+  const onSubmit = async (values: ClaudeSettingsFormValues) => {
+    const normalized: FlatClaudeSettings = {
+      'claude.model_headers_settings': normalizeJsonString(
+        values.claude.model_headers_settings
+      ),
+      'claude.default_max_tokens': normalizeJsonString(
+        values.claude.default_max_tokens
+      ),
+      'claude.thinking_adapter_enabled': values.claude.thinking_adapter_enabled,
+      'claude.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage':
+        values.claude.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage,
+    }
+
+    const updates = (
+      Object.keys(normalized) as Array<keyof FlatClaudeSettings>
+    ).filter((key) => normalized[key] !== normalizedDefaultsRef.current[key])
+
+    if (updates.length === 0) {
+      toast.info(t('No changes to save'))
+      return
+    }
+
+    for (const key of updates) {
+      await updateOption.mutateAsync({ key, value: normalized[key] })
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <SettingsSection
+      title={t('Claude')}
+      description={t(
+        'Override Anthropic headers, defaults, and thinking adapter behavior'
+      )}
+    >
+      <Form {...form}>
+        {/* eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/refs */}
+        <form onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(onSubmit)} className='space-y-6'>
+          <FormField
+            control={form.control}
+            name='claude.model_headers_settings'
+            render={({ field }) => (
+              <FormItem>
+                <FormLabel>{t('Request Header Overrides')}</FormLabel>
+                <FormControl>
+                  <Textarea rows={8} {...field} />
+                </FormControl>
+                <FormDescription>
+                  {t(
+                    'Provide per-model header overrides as JSON. Useful for enabling beta features such as expanded context windows.'
+                  )}
+                </FormDescription>
+                <FormMessage />
+              </FormItem>
+            )}
+          />
+
+          <FormField
+            control={form.control}
+            name='claude.default_max_tokens'
+            render={({ field }) => (
+              <FormItem>
+                <FormLabel>{t('Default Max Tokens')}</FormLabel>
+                <FormControl>
+                  <Textarea rows={8} {...field} />
+                </FormControl>
+                <FormDescription>
+                  {t('Example')}{' '}
+                  {`{ "default": 8192, "claude-3-haiku-20240307": 4096, "claude-3-opus-20240229": 4096, "claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219-thinking": 8192 }`}
+                </FormDescription>
+                <FormMessage />
+              </FormItem>
+            )}
+          />
+
+          <div className='space-y-4 rounded-lg border p-4'>
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='claude.thinking_adapter_enabled'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem className='flex flex-row items-center justify-between'>
+                  <div className='space-y-0.5'>
+                    <FormLabel className='text-base'>
+                      {t('Thinking Adapter')}
+                    </FormLabel>
+                    <FormDescription>
+                      {t(
+                        'Translate `-thinking` suffixes into Anthropic native thinking models while keeping pricing predictable.'
+                      )}
+                    </FormDescription>
+                  </div>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Switch
+                      checked={field.value}
+                      onCheckedChange={field.onChange}
+                    />
+                  </FormControl>
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='claude.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Budget Tokens Ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Input
+                      {...field}
+                      value={String(field.value ?? '')}
+                      onChange={(event) => field.onChange(event.target.value)}
+                    />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'Budget tokens = max tokens × ratio. Accepts a decimal between 0.1 and 1.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+          </div>
+
+          <Button type='submit' disabled={updateOption.isPending}>
+            {updateOption.isPending ? t('Saving...') : t('Save Changes')}
+          </Button>
+        </form>
+      </Form>
+    </SettingsSection>
+  )
+}

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/conflict-confirm-dialog.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import {
+  AlertDialog,
+  AlertDialogAction,
+  AlertDialogCancel,
+  AlertDialogContent,
+  AlertDialogDescription,
+  AlertDialogFooter,
+  AlertDialogHeader,
+  AlertDialogTitle,
+} from '@/components/ui/alert-dialog'
+import {
+  Table,
+  TableBody,
+  TableCell,
+  TableHead,
+  TableHeader,
+  TableRow,
+} from '@/components/ui/table'
+
+export type ConflictItem = {
+  channel: string
+  model: string
+  current: string
+  newVal: string
+}
+
+type ConflictConfirmDialogProps = {
+  open: boolean
+  onOpenChange: (open: boolean) => void
+  conflicts: ConflictItem[]
+  onConfirm: () => void
+  isLoading?: boolean
+}
+
+export function ConflictConfirmDialog({
+  open,
+  onOpenChange,
+  conflicts,
+  onConfirm,
+  isLoading = false,
+}: ConflictConfirmDialogProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  return (
+    <AlertDialog open={open} onOpenChange={onOpenChange}>
+      <AlertDialogContent className='max-w-4xl'>
+        <AlertDialogHeader>
+          <AlertDialogTitle>{t('Confirm Billing Conflicts')}</AlertDialogTitle>
+          <AlertDialogDescription>
+            {t(
+              'The following models have billing type conflicts (fixed price vs ratio billing). Confirm to proceed with the changes.'
+            )}
+          </AlertDialogDescription>
+        </AlertDialogHeader>
+
+        <div className='max-h-96 overflow-y-auto rounded-md border'>
+          <Table>
+            <TableHeader>
+              <TableRow>
+                <TableHead>{t('Channel')}</TableHead>
+                <TableHead>{t('Model')}</TableHead>
+                <TableHead>{t('Current Billing')}</TableHead>
+                <TableHead>{t('Change To')}</TableHead>
+              </TableRow>
+            </TableHeader>
+            <TableBody>
+              {conflicts.map((conflict, index) => (
+                <TableRow key={index}>
+                  <TableCell className='font-medium'>
+                    {conflict.channel}
+                  </TableCell>
+                  <TableCell className='font-mono text-sm'>
+                    {conflict.model}
+                  </TableCell>
+                  <TableCell>
+                    <pre className='text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap'>
+                      {conflict.current}
+                    </pre>
+                  </TableCell>
+                  <TableCell>
+                    <pre className='text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap'>
+                      {conflict.newVal}
+                    </pre>
+                  </TableCell>
+                </TableRow>
+              ))}
+            </TableBody>
+          </Table>
+        </div>
+
+        <AlertDialogFooter>
+          <AlertDialogCancel disabled={isLoading}>
+            {t('Cancel')}
+          </AlertDialogCancel>
+          <AlertDialogAction onClick={onConfirm} disabled={isLoading}>
+            {isLoading ? t('Applying...') : t('Confirm Changes')}
+          </AlertDialogAction>
+        </AlertDialogFooter>
+      </AlertDialogContent>
+    </AlertDialog>
+  )
+}

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/constants.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+export const DEFAULT_ENDPOINT = '/api/pricing'
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Built-in upstream ratio presets
+//
+// The backend (`controller/ratio_sync.go`) synthesizes two virtual channels and
+// returns them in the syncable channels response. The constants below mirror
+// the backend literals one-to-one; do NOT translate the *_NAME values because
+// they are wire-protocol identifiers, not user-facing labels.
+//
+// Identification on the frontend should rely on the stable negative ID alone.
+// `*_NAME` and `*_BASE_URL` are kept for diagnostics, custom channel
+// detection, and backwards compatibility with the classic frontend.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export const OFFICIAL_CHANNEL_ID = -100
+export const OFFICIAL_CHANNEL_NAME = '官方倍率预设'
+export const OFFICIAL_CHANNEL_BASE_URL = 'https://basellm.github.io'
+export const OFFICIAL_CHANNEL_ENDPOINT =
+  '/llm-metadata/api/newapi/ratio_config-v1-base.json'
+
+export const MODELS_DEV_PRESET_ID = -101
+export const MODELS_DEV_PRESET_NAME = 'models.dev 价格预设'
+export const MODELS_DEV_PRESET_BASE_URL = 'https://models.dev'
+export const MODELS_DEV_PRESET_ENDPOINT = 'https://models.dev/api.json'
+
+export const OPENROUTER_ENDPOINT = 'openrouter'
+
+// Backend channel type for OpenRouter (see constant/channel.go: ChannelTypeOpenRouter = 20)
+export const OPENROUTER_CHANNEL_TYPE = 20
+
+export const ENDPOINT_OPTIONS = [
+  { label: 'pricing', value: '/api/pricing' },
+  { label: 'ratio_config', value: '/api/ratio_config' },
+  { label: 'OpenRouter', value: OPENROUTER_ENDPOINT },
+  { label: 'custom', value: 'custom' },
+] as const
+
+// Labels reuse the existing sentence-case i18n keys defined for form fields
+// (e.g. `Model ratio`, `Audio completion ratio`). Do NOT switch to Title Case
+// here without updating the i18n catalog; otherwise we end up with two keys per
+// ratio type that only differ in capitalization.
+export const RATIO_TYPE_OPTIONS = [
+  { label: 'Model ratio', value: 'model_ratio' },
+  { label: 'Completion ratio', value: 'completion_ratio' },
+  { label: 'Cache ratio', value: 'cache_ratio' },
+  { label: 'Create cache ratio', value: 'create_cache_ratio' },
+  { label: 'Image ratio', value: 'image_ratio' },
+  { label: 'Audio ratio', value: 'audio_ratio' },
+  { label: 'Audio completion ratio', value: 'audio_completion_ratio' },
+  { label: 'Fixed price', value: 'model_price' },
+  { label: 'Expression billing', value: 'billing_expr' },
+] as const
+
+export const CHANNEL_STATUS_CONFIG = {
+  1: { label: 'Enabled', variant: 'success' as const },
+  2: { label: 'Disabled', variant: 'danger' as const },
+  3: { label: 'Auto-Disabled', variant: 'warning' as const },
+} as const

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/gemini-settings-card.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useRef } from 'react'
+import * as z from 'zod'
+import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form'
+import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { toast } from 'sonner'
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
+import {
+  Form,
+  FormControl,
+  FormDescription,
+  FormField,
+  FormItem,
+  FormLabel,
+  FormMessage,
+} from '@/components/ui/form'
+import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
+import { Switch } from '@/components/ui/switch'
+import { Textarea } from '@/components/ui/textarea'
+import { SettingsSection } from '../components/settings-section'
+import { useUpdateOption } from '../hooks/use-update-option'
+import {
+  formatJsonForTextarea,
+  normalizeJsonString,
+  validateJsonString,
+} from './utils'
+
+const schema = z.object({
+  gemini: z.object({
+    safety_settings: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+      const result = validateJsonString(value)
+      if (!result.valid) {
+        ctx.addIssue({
+          code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+          message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+        })
+      }
+    }),
+    version_settings: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+      const result = validateJsonString(value)
+      if (!result.valid) {
+        ctx.addIssue({
+          code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+          message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+        })
+      }
+    }),
+    supported_imagine_models: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+      const result = validateJsonString(value, {
+        predicate: (parsed) =>
+          Array.isArray(parsed) &&
+          parsed.every((item) => typeof item === 'string'),
+        predicateMessage: 'Expected a JSON array of model identifiers',
+      })
+      if (!result.valid) {
+        ctx.addIssue({
+          code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+          message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON array',
+        })
+      }
+    }),
+    thinking_adapter_enabled: z.boolean(),
+    thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage: z.coerce
+      .number()
+      .min(0.002, { message: 'Must be at least 0.002' })
+      .max(1, { message: 'Must be 1 or less' }),
+    function_call_thought_signature_enabled: z.boolean(),
+    remove_function_response_id_enabled: z.boolean(),
+  }),
+})
+
+type GeminiSettingsFormValues = z.output<typeof schema>
+type GeminiSettingsFormInput = z.input<typeof schema>
+
+type FlatGeminiSettings = {
+  'gemini.safety_settings': string
+  'gemini.version_settings': string
+  'gemini.supported_imagine_models': string
+  'gemini.thinking_adapter_enabled': boolean
+  'gemini.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage': number
+  'gemini.function_call_thought_signature_enabled': boolean
+  'gemini.remove_function_response_id_enabled': boolean
+}
+
+type GeminiSettingsCardProps = {
+  defaultValues: GeminiSettingsFormInput
+}
+
+export function GeminiSettingsCard({ defaultValues }: GeminiSettingsCardProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const updateOption = useUpdateOption()
+  const normalizedDefaultsRef = useRef<FlatGeminiSettings>({
+    'gemini.safety_settings': normalizeJsonString(
+      defaultValues.gemini.safety_settings
+    ),
+    'gemini.version_settings': normalizeJsonString(
+      defaultValues.gemini.version_settings
+    ),
+    'gemini.supported_imagine_models': normalizeJsonString(
+      defaultValues.gemini.supported_imagine_models
+    ),
+    'gemini.thinking_adapter_enabled':
+      defaultValues.gemini.thinking_adapter_enabled,
+    'gemini.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage': Number(
+      defaultValues.gemini.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage
+    ),
+    'gemini.function_call_thought_signature_enabled':
+      defaultValues.gemini.function_call_thought_signature_enabled ?? true,
+    'gemini.remove_function_response_id_enabled':
+      defaultValues.gemini.remove_function_response_id_enabled ?? true,
+  })
+
+  const buildFormDefaults = (
+    values: GeminiSettingsFormInput
+  ): GeminiSettingsFormInput => ({
+    gemini: {
+      safety_settings: formatJsonForTextarea(values.gemini.safety_settings),
+      version_settings: formatJsonForTextarea(values.gemini.version_settings),
+      supported_imagine_models: formatJsonForTextarea(
+        values.gemini.supported_imagine_models
+      ),
+      thinking_adapter_enabled: values.gemini.thinking_adapter_enabled,
+      thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage:
+        values.gemini.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage,
+      function_call_thought_signature_enabled:
+        values.gemini.function_call_thought_signature_enabled ?? true,
+      remove_function_response_id_enabled:
+        values.gemini.remove_function_response_id_enabled ?? true,
+    },
+  })
+
+  const form = useForm<
+    GeminiSettingsFormInput,
+    unknown,
+    GeminiSettingsFormValues
+  >({
+    resolver: zodResolver(schema),
+    defaultValues: buildFormDefaults(defaultValues),
+  })
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    normalizedDefaultsRef.current = {
+      'gemini.safety_settings': normalizeJsonString(
+        defaultValues.gemini.safety_settings
+      ),
+      'gemini.version_settings': normalizeJsonString(
+        defaultValues.gemini.version_settings
+      ),
+      'gemini.supported_imagine_models': normalizeJsonString(
+        defaultValues.gemini.supported_imagine_models
+      ),
+      'gemini.thinking_adapter_enabled':
+        defaultValues.gemini.thinking_adapter_enabled,
+      'gemini.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage': Number(
+        defaultValues.gemini.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage
+      ),
+      'gemini.function_call_thought_signature_enabled':
+        defaultValues.gemini.function_call_thought_signature_enabled ?? true,
+      'gemini.remove_function_response_id_enabled':
+        defaultValues.gemini.remove_function_response_id_enabled ?? true,
+    }
+
+    form.reset(buildFormDefaults(defaultValues))
+  }, [defaultValues, form])
+
+  const isAdapterEnabled = form.watch('gemini.thinking_adapter_enabled')
+
+  const onSubmit = async (values: GeminiSettingsFormValues) => {
+    const normalized: FlatGeminiSettings = {
+      'gemini.safety_settings': normalizeJsonString(
+        values.gemini.safety_settings
+      ),
+      'gemini.version_settings': normalizeJsonString(
+        values.gemini.version_settings
+      ),
+      'gemini.supported_imagine_models': normalizeJsonString(
+        values.gemini.supported_imagine_models
+      ),
+      'gemini.thinking_adapter_enabled': values.gemini.thinking_adapter_enabled,
+      'gemini.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage':
+        values.gemini.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage,
+      'gemini.function_call_thought_signature_enabled':
+        values.gemini.function_call_thought_signature_enabled,
+      'gemini.remove_function_response_id_enabled':
+        values.gemini.remove_function_response_id_enabled,
+    }
+
+    const updates = (
+      Object.keys(normalized) as Array<keyof FlatGeminiSettings>
+    ).filter((key) => normalized[key] !== normalizedDefaultsRef.current[key])
+
+    if (updates.length === 0) {
+      toast.info(t('No changes to save'))
+      return
+    }
+
+    for (const key of updates) {
+      await updateOption.mutateAsync({
+        key,
+        value: normalized[key],
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  const imaginePlaceholder = useMemo(
+    () => JSON.stringify(['gemini-2.0-flash-exp-image-generation'], null, 2),
+    []
+  )
+
+  return (
+    <SettingsSection
+      title={t('Gemini')}
+      description={t(
+        'Configure Gemini safety behavior, version overrides, and thinking adapter'
+      )}
+    >
+      <Form {...form}>
+        <form onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(onSubmit)} className='space-y-6'>
+          <FormField
+            control={form.control}
+            name='gemini.safety_settings'
+            render={({ field }) => (
+              <FormItem>
+                <FormLabel>{t('Safety Settings')}</FormLabel>
+                <FormControl>
+                  <Textarea rows={8} {...field} />
+                </FormControl>
+                <FormDescription>
+                  {t(
+                    'Provide per-category safety overrides as JSON. Use `default` for fallback values.'
+                  )}
+                </FormDescription>
+                <FormMessage />
+              </FormItem>
+            )}
+          />
+
+          <FormField
+            control={form.control}
+            name='gemini.version_settings'
+            render={({ field }) => (
+              <FormItem>
+                <FormLabel>{t('Version Overrides')}</FormLabel>
+                <FormControl>
+                  <Textarea rows={8} {...field} />
+                </FormControl>
+                <FormDescription>
+                  {t(
+                    'Map model identifiers to Gemini API versions. A `default` entry applies when no specific match is found.'
+                  )}
+                </FormDescription>
+                <FormMessage />
+              </FormItem>
+            )}
+          />
+
+          <FormField
+            control={form.control}
+            name='gemini.supported_imagine_models'
+            render={({ field }) => (
+              <FormItem>
+                <FormLabel>{t('Supported Imagine Models')}</FormLabel>
+                <FormControl>
+                  <Textarea
+                    rows={6}
+                    placeholder={imaginePlaceholder}
+                    {...field}
+                  />
+                </FormControl>
+                <FormDescription>
+                  {t(
+                    'Accepts a JSON array of model identifiers that support the Imagine API.'
+                  )}
+                </FormDescription>
+                <FormMessage />
+              </FormItem>
+            )}
+          />
+
+          <div className='space-y-4 rounded-lg border p-4'>
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='gemini.thinking_adapter_enabled'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem className='flex flex-row items-center justify-between'>
+                  <div className='space-y-0.5'>
+                    <FormLabel className='text-base'>
+                      {t('Thinking Adapter')}
+                    </FormLabel>
+                    <FormDescription>
+                      {t('Supports `-thinking`, `-thinking-')}
+                      {'{{budget}}'}
+                      {t(
+                        '`, and `-nothinking` suffixes while routing to the correct Gemini variant.'
+                      )}
+                    </FormDescription>
+                  </div>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Switch
+                      checked={field.value}
+                      onCheckedChange={field.onChange}
+                    />
+                  </FormControl>
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='gemini.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Budget Tokens Ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Input
+                      {...field}
+                      value={String(field.value ?? '')}
+                      onChange={(event) => field.onChange(event.target.value)}
+                    />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'Budget tokens = max tokens × ratio. Accepts a decimal between 0.002 and 1. Recommended to keep aligned with upstream billing.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            {!isAdapterEnabled && (
+              <p className='text-muted-foreground text-sm'>
+                {t(
+                  'Gemini will continue to auto-detect thinking mode even with the adapter disabled. Enable this only when you need finer control over pricing and budgeting.'
+                )}
+              </p>
+            )}
+          </div>
+
+          <FormField
+            control={form.control}
+            name='gemini.function_call_thought_signature_enabled'
+            render={({ field }) => (
+              <FormItem className='flex flex-row items-center justify-between rounded-lg border p-4'>
+                <div className='space-y-0.5'>
+                  <FormLabel className='text-base'>
+                    {t('Enable FunctionCall thoughtSignature Fill')}
+                  </FormLabel>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'Fill thoughtSignature only for Gemini/Vertex channels using the OpenAI format'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                </div>
+                <FormControl>
+                  <Switch
+                    checked={field.value}
+                    onCheckedChange={field.onChange}
+                  />
+                </FormControl>
+              </FormItem>
+            )}
+          />
+
+          <FormField
+            control={form.control}
+            name='gemini.remove_function_response_id_enabled'
+            render={({ field }) => (
+              <FormItem className='flex flex-row items-center justify-between rounded-lg border p-4'>
+                <div className='space-y-0.5'>
+                  <FormLabel className='text-base'>
+                    {t('Remove functionResponse.id field')}
+                  </FormLabel>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'Vertex AI does not support functionResponse.id. Enable this to remove the field automatically.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                </div>
+                <FormControl>
+                  <Switch
+                    checked={field.value}
+                    onCheckedChange={field.onChange}
+                  />
+                </FormControl>
+              </FormItem>
+            )}
+          />
+
+          <Button type='submit' disabled={updateOption.isPending}>
+            {updateOption.isPending ? t('Saving...') : t('Save Changes')}
+          </Button>
+        </form>
+      </Form>
+    </SettingsSection>
+  )
+}

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/global-settings-card.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+import { useEffect } from 'react'
+import * as z from 'zod'
+import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form'
+import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { toast } from 'sonner'
+import { Alert, AlertDescription, AlertTitle } from '@/components/ui/alert'
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
+import {
+  Form,
+  FormControl,
+  FormDescription,
+  FormField,
+  FormItem,
+  FormLabel,
+  FormMessage,
+} from '@/components/ui/form'
+import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
+import { Separator } from '@/components/ui/separator'
+import { Switch } from '@/components/ui/switch'
+import { Textarea } from '@/components/ui/textarea'
+import { StatusBadge } from '@/components/status-badge'
+import { SettingsSection } from '../components/settings-section'
+import { useUpdateOption } from '../hooks/use-update-option'
+
+const thinkingBlacklistExample = JSON.stringify(
+  ['moonshotai/kimi-k2-thinking', 'kimi-k2-thinking'],
+  null,
+  2
+)
+
+const chatToResponsesPolicyExample = JSON.stringify(
+  {
+    enabled: true,
+    all_channels: false,
+    channel_ids: [1, 2],
+    model_patterns: ['^gpt-4o.*$', '^gpt-5.*$'],
+  },
+  null,
+  2
+)
+
+const chatToResponsesPolicyAllChannelsExample = JSON.stringify(
+  {
+    enabled: true,
+    all_channels: true,
+    model_patterns: ['^gpt-4o.*$', '^gpt-5.*$'],
+  },
+  null,
+  2
+)
+
+const jsonString = z.string().refine((value) => {
+  const trimmed = value.trim()
+  if (!trimmed) return true
+  try {
+    JSON.parse(trimmed)
+    return true
+  } catch {
+    return false
+  }
+}, 'Invalid JSON format')
+
+const schema = z.object({
+  global: z.object({
+    pass_through_request_enabled: z.boolean(),
+    thinking_model_blacklist: jsonString,
+    chat_completions_to_responses_policy: jsonString,
+  }),
+  general_setting: z.object({
+    ping_interval_enabled: z.boolean(),
+    ping_interval_seconds: z.coerce.number().min(1),
+  }),
+})
+
+type GlobalModelSettingsFormValues = z.output<typeof schema>
+type GlobalModelSettingsFormInput = z.input<typeof schema>
+
+type FlatGlobalModelSettings = {
+  'global.pass_through_request_enabled': boolean
+  'global.thinking_model_blacklist': string
+  'global.chat_completions_to_responses_policy': string
+  'general_setting.ping_interval_enabled': boolean
+  'general_setting.ping_interval_seconds': number
+}
+
+const flattenGlobalValues = (
+  values: GlobalModelSettingsFormValues
+): FlatGlobalModelSettings => ({
+  'global.pass_through_request_enabled':
+    values.global.pass_through_request_enabled,
+  'global.thinking_model_blacklist': normalizeJsonText(
+    values.global.thinking_model_blacklist,
+    '[]'
+  ),
+  'global.chat_completions_to_responses_policy': normalizeJsonText(
+    values.global.chat_completions_to_responses_policy,
+    '{}'
+  ),
+  'general_setting.ping_interval_enabled':
+    values.general_setting.ping_interval_enabled,
+  'general_setting.ping_interval_seconds':
+    values.general_setting.ping_interval_seconds,
+})
+
+function normalizeJsonText(value: string, fallback: string) {
+  const trimmed = (value ?? '').toString().trim()
+  return trimmed ? trimmed : fallback
+}
+
+type GlobalSettingsCardProps = {
+  defaultValues: GlobalModelSettingsFormValues
+}
+
+export function GlobalSettingsCard({ defaultValues }: GlobalSettingsCardProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const updateOption = useUpdateOption()
+
+  const form = useForm<
+    GlobalModelSettingsFormInput,
+    unknown,
+    GlobalModelSettingsFormValues
+  >({
+    resolver: zodResolver(schema),
+    defaultValues: defaultValues as GlobalModelSettingsFormInput,
+  })
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    form.reset(defaultValues as GlobalModelSettingsFormInput)
+  }, [defaultValues, form])
+
+  const pingEnabled = form.watch('general_setting.ping_interval_enabled')
+
+  const formatJsonField = (
+    field:
+      | 'global.thinking_model_blacklist'
+      | 'global.chat_completions_to_responses_policy'
+  ) => {
+    const raw = form.getValues(field)
+    if (!raw || !raw.trim()) return
+    try {
+      const formatted = JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(raw), null, 2)
+      form.setValue(field, formatted, { shouldDirty: true })
+    } catch {
+      toast.error(t('Invalid JSON format'))
+    }
+  }
+
+  const onSubmit = async (values: GlobalModelSettingsFormValues) => {
+    const flattenedDefaults = flattenGlobalValues(defaultValues)
+    const flattenedValues = flattenGlobalValues(values)
+    const updates = Object.entries(flattenedValues).filter(
+      ([key, value]) =>
+        value !== flattenedDefaults[key as keyof FlatGlobalModelSettings]
+    )
+
+    if (updates.length === 0) {
+      toast.info(t('No changes to save'))
+      return
+    }
+
+    for (const [key, value] of updates) {
+      await updateOption.mutateAsync({
+        key,
+        value,
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <SettingsSection
+      title={t('Global Model Configuration')}
+      description={t(
+        'Control passthrough behavior and connection keep-alive settings'
+      )}
+    >
+      <Form {...form}>
+        <form onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(onSubmit)} className='space-y-6'>
+          <FormField
+            control={form.control}
+            name='global.pass_through_request_enabled'
+            render={({ field }) => (
+              <FormItem className='flex flex-row items-center justify-between rounded-lg border p-4'>
+                <div className='space-y-0.5'>
+                  <FormLabel className='text-base'>
+                    {t('Enable Request Passthrough')}
+                  </FormLabel>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'Forward requests directly to upstream providers without any post-processing.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                </div>
+                <FormControl>
+                  <Switch
+                    checked={field.value}
+                    onCheckedChange={field.onChange}
+                  />
+                </FormControl>
+              </FormItem>
+            )}
+          />
+
+          <FormField
+            control={form.control}
+            name='global.thinking_model_blacklist'
+            render={({ field }) => (
+              <FormItem>
+                <FormLabel>{t('Disable thinking processing models')}</FormLabel>
+                <FormControl>
+                  <Textarea
+                    rows={4}
+                    placeholder={`${t('Example:')}\n${thinkingBlacklistExample}`}
+                    {...field}
+                    onChange={(event) => field.onChange(event.target.value)}
+                  />
+                </FormControl>
+                <FormDescription>
+                  {t(
+                    'Models listed here will not automatically append or remove -thinking / -nothinking suffixes.'
+                  )}
+                </FormDescription>
+                <div className='flex flex-wrap gap-2'>
+                  <Button
+                    type='button'
+                    variant='outline'
+                    size='sm'
+                    onClick={() =>
+                      formatJsonField('global.thinking_model_blacklist')
+                    }
+                  >
+                    {t('Format JSON')}
+                  </Button>
+                </div>
+                <FormMessage />
+              </FormItem>
+            )}
+          />
+
+          <Separator />
+
+          <div className='space-y-4'>
+            <div className='flex items-center gap-2'>
+              <h3 className='text-base font-semibold'>
+                {t('ChatCompletions -> Responses Compatibility')}
+              </h3>
+              <StatusBadge
+                label={t('Preview')}
+                variant='neutral'
+                copyable={false}
+              />
+            </div>
+
+            <Alert>
+              <AlertTitle>{t('Warning')}</AlertTitle>
+              <AlertDescription>
+                {t(
+                  'This feature is experimental. Configuration format and behavior may change.'
+                )}
+              </AlertDescription>
+            </Alert>
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='global.chat_completions_to_responses_policy'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Policy JSON')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Textarea
+                      rows={8}
+                      placeholder={`${t('Example (specific channels):')}\n${chatToResponsesPolicyExample}\n\n${t('Example (all channels):')}\n${chatToResponsesPolicyAllChannelsExample}`}
+                      {...field}
+                      onChange={(event) => field.onChange(event.target.value)}
+                    />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t('Empty value will be saved as {}.')}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <div className='flex flex-wrap gap-2'>
+                    <Button
+                      type='button'
+                      variant='outline'
+                      size='sm'
+                      onClick={() =>
+                        form.setValue(
+                          'global.chat_completions_to_responses_policy',
+                          chatToResponsesPolicyExample,
+                          { shouldDirty: true }
+                        )
+                      }
+                    >
+                      {t('Fill example (specific channels)')}
+                    </Button>
+                    <Button
+                      type='button'
+                      variant='outline'
+                      size='sm'
+                      onClick={() =>
+                        form.setValue(
+                          'global.chat_completions_to_responses_policy',
+                          chatToResponsesPolicyAllChannelsExample,
+                          { shouldDirty: true }
+                        )
+                      }
+                    >
+                      {t('Fill example (all channels)')}
+                    </Button>
+                    <Button
+                      type='button'
+                      variant='outline'
+                      size='sm'
+                      onClick={() =>
+                        formatJsonField(
+                          'global.chat_completions_to_responses_policy'
+                        )
+                      }
+                    >
+                      {t('Format JSON')}
+                    </Button>
+                  </div>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+          </div>
+
+          <Separator />
+
+          <FormField
+            control={form.control}
+            name='general_setting.ping_interval_enabled'
+            render={({ field }) => (
+              <FormItem className='flex flex-row items-center justify-between rounded-lg border p-4'>
+                <div className='space-y-0.5'>
+                  <FormLabel className='text-base'>
+                    {t('Keep-alive Ping')}
+                  </FormLabel>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'Periodically send ping frames to keep streaming connections active.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                </div>
+                <FormControl>
+                  <Switch
+                    checked={field.value}
+                    onCheckedChange={field.onChange}
+                  />
+                </FormControl>
+              </FormItem>
+            )}
+          />
+
+          <FormField
+            control={form.control}
+            name='general_setting.ping_interval_seconds'
+            render={({ field }) => (
+              <FormItem>
+                <FormLabel>{t('Ping Interval (seconds)')}</FormLabel>
+                <FormControl>
+                  <Input
+                    type='number'
+                    min={1}
+                    disabled={!pingEnabled}
+                    className='w-24'
+                    value={
+                      field.value === undefined || field.value === null
+                        ? ''
+                        : String(field.value)
+                    }
+                    onChange={(event) => field.onChange(event.target.value)}
+                    onBlur={field.onBlur}
+                    name={field.name}
+                    ref={field.ref}
+                  />
+                </FormControl>
+                <FormDescription>
+                  {t(
+                    'Recommended to keep this high to avoid upstream throttling.'
+                  )}
+                </FormDescription>
+                <FormMessage />
+              </FormItem>
+            )}
+          />
+
+          <Button type='submit' disabled={updateOption.isPending}>
+            {updateOption.isPending ? t('Saving...') : t('Save Changes')}
+          </Button>
+        </form>
+      </Form>
+    </SettingsSection>
+  )
+}

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/grok-settings-card.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import * as z from 'zod'
+import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form'
+import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
+import {
+  Form,
+  FormControl,
+  FormDescription,
+  FormField,
+  FormItem,
+  FormLabel,
+} from '@/components/ui/form'
+import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
+import { Switch } from '@/components/ui/switch'
+import { SettingsSection } from '../components/settings-section'
+import { useResetForm } from '../hooks/use-reset-form'
+import { useUpdateOption } from '../hooks/use-update-option'
+
+const XAI_VIOLATION_FEE_DOC_URL =
+  'https://docs.x.ai/docs/models#usage-guidelines-violation-fee'
+
+const grokSchema = z.object({
+  'grok.violation_deduction_enabled': z.boolean(),
+  'grok.violation_deduction_amount': z.coerce.number().min(0),
+})
+
+type GrokFormValues = z.infer<typeof grokSchema>
+
+interface Props {
+  defaultValues: GrokFormValues
+}
+
+export function GrokSettingsCard(props: Props) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const updateOption = useUpdateOption()
+
+  const form = useForm<GrokFormValues>({
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    resolver: zodResolver(grokSchema) as any,
+    defaultValues: props.defaultValues,
+  })
+
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+  useResetForm(form as any, props.defaultValues)
+
+  const onSubmit = async (data: GrokFormValues) => {
+    const entries = Object.entries(data) as [string, unknown][]
+    const updates = entries.filter(
+      ([key, value]) =>
+        value !== (props.defaultValues[key as keyof GrokFormValues] as unknown)
+    )
+    for (const [key, value] of updates) {
+      await updateOption.mutateAsync({
+        key,
+        value: value as string | number | boolean,
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  const enabled = form.watch('grok.violation_deduction_enabled')
+
+  return (
+    <SettingsSection
+      title={t('Grok Settings')}
+      description={t('Configure xAI Grok model specific settings')}
+    >
+      <Form {...form}>
+        <form onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(onSubmit)} className='space-y-6'>
+          <FormField
+            control={form.control}
+            name='grok.violation_deduction_enabled'
+            render={({ field }) => (
+              <FormItem className='flex items-center gap-2'>
+                <FormControl>
+                  <Switch
+                    checked={field.value}
+                    onCheckedChange={field.onChange}
+                  />
+                </FormControl>
+                <div>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Enable violation deduction')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'When enabled, violation requests will incur additional charges.'
+                    )}{' '}
+                    <a
+                      href={XAI_VIOLATION_FEE_DOC_URL}
+                      target='_blank'
+                      rel='noreferrer'
+                      className='underline'
+                    >
+                      {t('Official documentation')}
+                    </a>
+                  </FormDescription>
+                </div>
+              </FormItem>
+            )}
+          />
+
+          <FormField
+            control={form.control}
+            name='grok.violation_deduction_amount'
+            render={({ field }) => (
+              <FormItem className='max-w-xs'>
+                <FormLabel>{t('Violation deduction amount')}</FormLabel>
+                <FormControl>
+                  <Input
+                    type='number'
+                    step={0.01}
+                    min={0}
+                    {...field}
+                    disabled={!enabled}
+                  />
+                </FormControl>
+                <FormDescription>
+                  {t(
+                    'Base amount. Actual deduction = base amount × system group rate.'
+                  )}
+                </FormDescription>
+              </FormItem>
+            )}
+          />
+
+          <Button type='submit' disabled={updateOption.isPending}>
+            {updateOption.isPending ? t('Saving...') : t('Save Changes')}
+          </Button>
+        </form>
+      </Form>
+    </SettingsSection>
+  )
+}

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/group-ratio-form.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+import { memo, useCallback, useState } from 'react'
+import { type UseFormReturn } from 'react-hook-form'
+import { Code2, Eye } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
+import {
+  Form,
+  FormControl,
+  FormDescription,
+  FormField,
+  FormItem,
+  FormLabel,
+  FormMessage,
+} from '@/components/ui/form'
+import { Switch } from '@/components/ui/switch'
+import { Textarea } from '@/components/ui/textarea'
+import { GroupRatioVisualEditor } from './group-ratio-visual-editor'
+import { GroupSpecialUsableRulesEditor } from './group-special-usable-editor'
+
+type GroupFormValues = {
+  GroupRatio: string
+  TopupGroupRatio: string
+  UserUsableGroups: string
+  GroupGroupRatio: string
+  AutoGroups: string
+  DefaultUseAutoGroup: boolean
+  GroupSpecialUsableGroup: string
+}
+
+type GroupRatioFormProps = {
+  form: UseFormReturn<GroupFormValues>
+  onSave: (values: GroupFormValues) => Promise<void>
+  isSaving: boolean
+}
+
+export const GroupRatioForm = memo(function GroupRatioForm({
+  form,
+  onSave,
+  isSaving,
+}: GroupRatioFormProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const [editMode, setEditMode] = useState<'visual' | 'json'>('visual')
+
+  const handleFieldChange = useCallback(
+    (field: keyof GroupFormValues, value: string) => {
+      form.setValue(field, value, {
+        shouldValidate: true,
+        shouldDirty: true,
+      })
+    },
+    [form]
+  )
+
+  const toggleEditMode = useCallback(() => {
+    setEditMode((prev) => (prev === 'visual' ? 'json' : 'visual'))
+  }, [])
+
+  return (
+    <div className='space-y-6'>
+      <div className='flex justify-end'>
+        <Button variant='outline' size='sm' onClick={toggleEditMode}>
+          {editMode === 'visual' ? (
+            <>
+              <Code2 className='mr-2 h-4 w-4' />
+              {t('Switch to JSON')}
+            </>
+          ) : (
+            <>
+              <Eye className='mr-2 h-4 w-4' />
+              {t('Switch to Visual')}
+            </>
+          )}
+        </Button>
+      </div>
+
+      <Form {...form}>
+        {editMode === 'visual' ? (
+          <div className='space-y-6'>
+            <GroupRatioVisualEditor
+              groupRatio={form.watch('GroupRatio')}
+              topupGroupRatio={form.watch('TopupGroupRatio')}
+              userUsableGroups={form.watch('UserUsableGroups')}
+              groupGroupRatio={form.watch('GroupGroupRatio')}
+              autoGroups={form.watch('AutoGroups')}
+              onChange={(field, value) =>
+                handleFieldChange(field as keyof GroupFormValues, value)
+              }
+            />
+
+            <GroupSpecialUsableRulesEditor
+              value={form.watch('GroupSpecialUsableGroup')}
+              onChange={(value) =>
+                handleFieldChange('GroupSpecialUsableGroup', value)
+              }
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='DefaultUseAutoGroup'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem className='flex flex-row items-center justify-between rounded-lg border p-4'>
+                  <div className='space-y-0.5'>
+                    <FormLabel className='text-base'>
+                      {t('Default to auto groups')}
+                    </FormLabel>
+                    <FormDescription>
+                      {t(
+                        'When enabled, newly created tokens start in the first auto group.'
+                      )}
+                    </FormDescription>
+                  </div>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Switch
+                      checked={field.value}
+                      onCheckedChange={field.onChange}
+                    />
+                  </FormControl>
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <Button onClick={form.handleSubmit(onSave)} disabled={isSaving}>
+              {isSaving ? t('Saving...') : t('Save group ratios')}
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+        ) : (
+          <form onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(onSave)} className='space-y-6'>
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='GroupRatio'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Group ratios')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Textarea rows={8} {...field} />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'JSON map of group → ratio applied when the user selects the group explicitly.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='TopupGroupRatio'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Top-up group ratios')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Textarea rows={6} {...field} />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'Optional multiplier per user group used when calculating recharge pricing. Provide a JSON object such as'
+                    )}
+                    {` { "default": 1, "vip": 1.2 }`}.
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='UserUsableGroups'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Selectable groups')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Textarea rows={6} {...field} />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'JSON map of group → description exposed when users create API keys.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='GroupGroupRatio'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Inter-group overrides')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Textarea rows={8} {...field} />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t('Nested JSON: source group →')}{' '}
+                    {`{ targetGroup: ratio }`}{' '}
+                    {t(
+                      'to override billing when a user in one group uses a token of another group.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='AutoGroups'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Auto assignment order')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Textarea rows={6} {...field} />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'JSON array of group identifiers. When enabled below, new tokens rotate through this list.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='GroupSpecialUsableGroup'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Special usable group rules')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Textarea rows={8} {...field} />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'Nested JSON defining per-group rules for adding (+:), removing (-:), or appending usable groups.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='DefaultUseAutoGroup'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem className='flex flex-row items-center justify-between rounded-lg border p-4'>
+                  <div className='space-y-0.5'>
+                    <FormLabel className='text-base'>
+                      {t('Default to auto groups')}
+                    </FormLabel>
+                    <FormDescription>
+                      {t(
+                        'When enabled, newly created tokens start in the first auto group.'
+                      )}
+                    </FormDescription>
+                  </div>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Switch
+                      checked={field.value}
+                      onCheckedChange={field.onChange}
+                    />
+                  </FormControl>
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <Button type='submit' disabled={isSaving}>
+              {isSaving ? t('Saving...') : t('Save group ratios')}
+            </Button>
+          </form>
+        )}
+      </Form>
+    </div>
+  )
+})

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/group-special-usable-editor.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+import { useCallback, useMemo, useState } from 'react'
+import { ChevronDown, ChevronUp, Plus, Trash2 } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
+import {
+  Card,
+  CardContent,
+  CardDescription,
+  CardHeader,
+  CardTitle,
+} from '@/components/ui/card'
+import {
+  Collapsible,
+  CollapsibleContent,
+  CollapsibleTrigger,
+} from '@/components/ui/collapsible'
+import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
+import {
+  Select,
+  SelectContent,
+  SelectItem,
+  SelectTrigger,
+  SelectValue,
+} from '@/components/ui/select'
+import { StatusBadge } from '@/components/status-badge'
+
+const OP_ADD = 'add' as const
+const OP_REMOVE = 'remove' as const
+const OP_APPEND = 'append' as const
+
+type OpType = typeof OP_ADD | typeof OP_REMOVE | typeof OP_APPEND
+
+type Rule = {
+  _id: string
+  userGroup: string
+  op: OpType
+  targetGroup: string
+  description: string
+}
+
+let _idCounter = 0
+function uid() {
+  return `gsu_${++_idCounter}`
+}
+
+function parsePrefix(rawKey: string): { op: OpType; groupName: string } {
+  if (rawKey.startsWith('+:')) return { op: OP_ADD, groupName: rawKey.slice(2) }
+  if (rawKey.startsWith('-:'))
+    return { op: OP_REMOVE, groupName: rawKey.slice(2) }
+  return { op: OP_APPEND, groupName: rawKey }
+}
+
+function toRawKey(op: OpType, groupName: string): string {
+  if (op === OP_ADD) return `+:${groupName}`
+  if (op === OP_REMOVE) return `-:${groupName}`
+  return groupName
+}
+
+function safeParseJson(str: string): Record<string, Record<string, string>> {
+  if (!str || !str.trim()) return {}
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(str) as Record<string, Record<string, string>>
+  } catch {
+    return {}
+  }
+}
+
+function flattenRules(nested: Record<string, Record<string, string>>): Rule[] {
+  const rules: Rule[] = []
+  for (const [userGroup, inner] of Object.entries(nested)) {
+    if (typeof inner !== 'object' || inner === null) continue
+    for (const [rawKey, desc] of Object.entries(inner)) {
+      const { op, groupName } = parsePrefix(rawKey)
+      rules.push({
+        _id: uid(),
+        userGroup,
+        op,
+        targetGroup: groupName,
+        description:
+          op === OP_REMOVE ? 'remove' : typeof desc === 'string' ? desc : '',
+      })
+    }
+  }
+  return rules
+}
+
+function nestRules(rules: Rule[]): Record<string, Record<string, string>> {
+  const result: Record<string, Record<string, string>> = {}
+  for (const { userGroup, op, targetGroup, description } of rules) {
+    if (!userGroup || !targetGroup) continue
+    if (!result[userGroup]) result[userGroup] = {}
+    result[userGroup][toRawKey(op, targetGroup)] = description
+  }
+  return result
+}
+
+function serializeRules(rules: Rule[]): string {
+  const nested = nestRules(rules)
+  return Object.keys(nested).length === 0
+    ? '{}'
+    : JSON.stringify(nested, null, 2)
+}
+
+const OP_BADGE_MAP: Record<
+  OpType,
+  { variant: 'info' | 'danger' | 'neutral'; label: string }
+> = {
+  [OP_ADD]: { variant: 'info', label: 'Add (+:)' },
+  [OP_REMOVE]: { variant: 'danger', label: 'Remove (-:)' },
+  [OP_APPEND]: { variant: 'neutral', label: 'Append' },
+}
+
+type GroupSpecialUsableRulesEditorProps = {
+  value: string
+  onChange: (value: string) => void
+}
+
+type GroupSectionProps = {
+  groupName: string
+  items: Rule[]
+  onUpdate: (id: string, field: keyof Rule, val: string) => void
+  onRemove: (id: string) => void
+  onAdd: (groupName: string) => void
+  onRemoveGroup: (groupName: string) => void
+}
+
+function GroupSection(props: GroupSectionProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const [open, setOpen] = useState(false)
+
+  return (
+    <Collapsible open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
+      <div className='rounded-lg border'>
+        <div className='flex items-center justify-between p-3'>
+          <div className='flex items-center gap-2'>
+            <CollapsibleTrigger asChild>
+              <Button variant='ghost' size='sm' className='h-6 w-6 p-0'>
+                {open ? (
+                  <ChevronUp className='h-4 w-4' />
+                ) : (
+                  <ChevronDown className='h-4 w-4' />
+                )}
+              </Button>
+            </CollapsibleTrigger>
+            <span className='font-semibold'>{props.groupName}</span>
+            <StatusBadge variant='neutral' copyable={false}>
+              {props.items.length} {t('rules')}
+            </StatusBadge>
+          </div>
+          <div className='flex items-center gap-1'>
+            <Button
+              variant='ghost'
+              size='sm'
+              className='h-7 w-7 p-0'
+              onClick={() => props.onAdd(props.groupName)}
+            >
+              <Plus className='h-4 w-4' />
+            </Button>
+            <Button
+              variant='ghost'
+              size='sm'
+              className='text-destructive h-7 w-7 p-0'
+              onClick={() => props.onRemoveGroup(props.groupName)}
+            >
+              <Trash2 className='h-4 w-4' />
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <CollapsibleContent>
+          <div className='space-y-2 border-t p-3'>
+            {props.items.map((rule) => (
+              <div key={rule._id} className='flex items-center gap-2'>
+                <Select
+                  value={rule.op}
+                  onValueChange={(v) => props.onUpdate(rule._id, 'op', v)}
+                >
+                  <SelectTrigger className='w-[130px]'>
+                    <SelectValue>
+                      <StatusBadge
+                        label={t(OP_BADGE_MAP[rule.op].label)}
+                        variant={OP_BADGE_MAP[rule.op].variant}
+                        copyable={false}
+                      />
+                    </SelectValue>
+                  </SelectTrigger>
+                  <SelectContent>
+                    <SelectItem value={OP_ADD}>
+                      <StatusBadge
+                        label={t(OP_BADGE_MAP[OP_ADD].label)}
+                        variant={OP_BADGE_MAP[OP_ADD].variant}
+                        copyable={false}
+                      />
+                    </SelectItem>
+                    <SelectItem value={OP_REMOVE}>
+                      <StatusBadge
+                        label={t(OP_BADGE_MAP[OP_REMOVE].label)}
+                        variant={OP_BADGE_MAP[OP_REMOVE].variant}
+                        copyable={false}
+                      />
+                    </SelectItem>
+                    <SelectItem value={OP_APPEND}>
+                      <StatusBadge
+                        label={t(OP_BADGE_MAP[OP_APPEND].label)}
+                        variant={OP_BADGE_MAP[OP_APPEND].variant}
+                        copyable={false}
+                      />
+                    </SelectItem>
+                  </SelectContent>
+                </Select>
+                <Input
+                  className='flex-1'
+                  value={rule.targetGroup}
+                  placeholder={t('Group name')}
+                  onChange={(e) =>
+                    props.onUpdate(rule._id, 'targetGroup', e.target.value)
+                  }
+                />
+                {rule.op !== OP_REMOVE ? (
+                  <Input
+                    className='flex-1'
+                    value={rule.description}
+                    placeholder={t('Description')}
+                    onChange={(e) =>
+                      props.onUpdate(rule._id, 'description', e.target.value)
+                    }
+                  />
+                ) : (
+                  <div className='text-muted-foreground flex-1 px-3 text-sm'>
+                    -
+                  </div>
+                )}
+                <Button
+                  variant='ghost'
+                  size='sm'
+                  className='text-destructive h-8 w-8 p-0'
+                  onClick={() => props.onRemove(rule._id)}
+                >
+                  <Trash2 className='h-4 w-4' />
+                </Button>
+              </div>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+        </CollapsibleContent>
+      </div>
+    </Collapsible>
+  )
+}
+
+export function GroupSpecialUsableRulesEditor(
+  props: GroupSpecialUsableRulesEditorProps
+) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const [rules, setRules] = useState<Rule[]>(() =>
+    flattenRules(safeParseJson(props.value))
+  )
+  const [newGroupName, setNewGroupName] = useState('')
+
+  const { onChange } = props
+  const emitChange = useCallback(
+    (newRules: Rule[]) => {
+      setRules(newRules)
+      onChange(serializeRules(newRules))
+    },
+    [onChange]
+  )
+
+  const updateRule = useCallback(
+    (id: string, field: keyof Rule, val: string) => {
+      emitChange(
+        rules.map((r) => {
+          if (r._id !== id) return r
+          const updated = { ...r, [field]: val }
+          if (field === 'op' && val === OP_REMOVE)
+            updated.description = 'remove'
+          else if (field === 'op' && r.op === OP_REMOVE && val !== OP_REMOVE) {
+            if (updated.description === 'remove') updated.description = ''
+          }
+          return updated
+        })
+      )
+    },
+    [rules, emitChange]
+  )
+
+  const removeRule = useCallback(
+    (id: string) => emitChange(rules.filter((r) => r._id !== id)),
+    [rules, emitChange]
+  )
+
+  const removeGroup = useCallback(
+    (groupName: string) =>
+      emitChange(rules.filter((r) => r.userGroup !== groupName)),
+    [rules, emitChange]
+  )
+
+  const addRuleToGroup = useCallback(
+    (groupName: string) => {
+      emitChange([
+        ...rules,
+        {
+          _id: uid(),
+          userGroup: groupName,
+          op: OP_APPEND,
+          targetGroup: '',
+          description: '',
+        },
+      ])
+    },
+    [rules, emitChange]
+  )
+
+  const addNewGroup = useCallback(() => {
+    const name = newGroupName.trim()
+    if (!name) return
+    emitChange([
+      ...rules,
+      {
+        _id: uid(),
+        userGroup: name,
+        op: OP_APPEND,
+        targetGroup: '',
+        description: '',
+      },
+    ])
+    setNewGroupName('')
+  }, [rules, emitChange, newGroupName])
+
+  const grouped = useMemo(() => {
+    const map: Record<string, Rule[]> = {}
+    const order: string[] = []
+    for (const r of rules) {
+      if (!r.userGroup) continue
+      if (!map[r.userGroup]) {
+        map[r.userGroup] = []
+        order.push(r.userGroup)
+      }
+      map[r.userGroup].push(r)
+    }
+    return order.map((name) => ({ name, items: map[name] }))
+  }, [rules])
+
+  return (
+    <Card>
+      <CardHeader>
+        <CardTitle>{t('Special usable group rules')}</CardTitle>
+        <CardDescription>
+          {t(
+            'Define per-group rules to add, remove, or append selectable groups for specific user groups.'
+          )}
+        </CardDescription>
+      </CardHeader>
+      <CardContent>
+        <div className='space-y-3'>
+          {grouped.length === 0 ? (
+            <p className='text-muted-foreground py-4 text-center text-sm'>
+              {t('No rules yet. Add a group below to get started.')}
+            </p>
+          ) : (
+            grouped.map((group) => (
+              <GroupSection
+                key={group.name}
+                groupName={group.name}
+                items={group.items}
+                onUpdate={updateRule}
+                onRemove={removeRule}
+                onAdd={addRuleToGroup}
+                onRemoveGroup={removeGroup}
+              />
+            ))
+          )}
+
+          <div className='flex items-center justify-center gap-2 pt-2'>
+            <Input
+              className='w-[200px]'
+              value={newGroupName}
+              placeholder={t('User group name')}
+              onChange={(e) => setNewGroupName(e.target.value)}
+              onKeyDown={(e) => {
+                if (e.key === 'Enter') {
+                  e.preventDefault()
+                  addNewGroup()
+                }
+              }}
+            />
+            <Button variant='outline' size='sm' onClick={addNewGroup}>
+              <Plus className='mr-1 h-4 w-4' />
+              {t('Add group rules')}
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </CardContent>
+    </Card>
+  )
+}

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/index.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { SettingsPage } from '../components/settings-page'
+import type { ModelSettings } from '../types'
+import {
+  MODELS_DEFAULT_SECTION,
+  getModelsSectionContent,
+} from './section-registry.tsx'
+
+const defaultModelSettings: ModelSettings = {
+  'global.pass_through_request_enabled': false,
+  'global.thinking_model_blacklist': '[]',
+  'global.chat_completions_to_responses_policy': '{}',
+  'general_setting.ping_interval_enabled': false,
+  'general_setting.ping_interval_seconds': 60,
+  'gemini.safety_settings': '',
+  'gemini.version_settings': '',
+  'gemini.supported_imagine_models': '',
+  'gemini.thinking_adapter_enabled': false,
+  'gemini.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage': 0.6,
+  'gemini.function_call_thought_signature_enabled': true,
+  'gemini.remove_function_response_id_enabled': true,
+  'claude.model_headers_settings': '',
+  'claude.default_max_tokens': '',
+  'claude.thinking_adapter_enabled': true,
+  'claude.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage': 0.8,
+  'grok.violation_deduction_enabled': true,
+  'grok.violation_deduction_amount': 0.05,
+  ModelPrice: '',
+  ModelRatio: '',
+  CacheRatio: '',
+  CreateCacheRatio: '',
+  CompletionRatio: '',
+  ImageRatio: '',
+  AudioRatio: '',
+  AudioCompletionRatio: '',
+  ExposeRatioEnabled: false,
+  'billing_setting.billing_mode': '{}',
+  'billing_setting.billing_expr': '{}',
+  'tool_price_setting.prices': '{}',
+  TopupGroupRatio: '',
+  GroupRatio: '',
+  UserUsableGroups: '',
+  GroupGroupRatio: '',
+  AutoGroups: '',
+  DefaultUseAutoGroup: false,
+  'group_ratio_setting.group_special_usable_group': '{}',
+}
+
+export function ModelSettings() {
+  return (
+    <SettingsPage
+      routePath='/_authenticated/system-settings/models/$section'
+      defaultSettings={defaultModelSettings}
+      defaultSection={MODELS_DEFAULT_SECTION}
+      getSectionContent={getModelsSectionContent}
+    />
+  )
+}

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/model-ratio-dialog.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,654 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
+import * as z from 'zod'
+import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form'
+import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod'
+import { ChevronDown } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
+import {
+  Collapsible,
+  CollapsibleContent,
+  CollapsibleTrigger,
+} from '@/components/ui/collapsible'
+import {
+  Dialog,
+  DialogContent,
+  DialogDescription,
+  DialogFooter,
+  DialogHeader,
+  DialogTitle,
+} from '@/components/ui/dialog'
+import {
+  Form,
+  FormControl,
+  FormDescription,
+  FormField,
+  FormItem,
+  FormLabel,
+  FormMessage,
+} from '@/components/ui/form'
+import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
+import { Label } from '@/components/ui/label'
+import { RadioGroup, RadioGroupItem } from '@/components/ui/radio-group'
+import { TieredPricingEditor } from './tiered-pricing-editor'
+
+const createModelDialogSchema = (t: (key: string) => string) =>
+  z.object({
+    name: z.string().min(1, t('Model name is required')),
+    price: z.string().optional(),
+    ratio: z.string().optional(),
+    cacheRatio: z.string().optional(),
+    createCacheRatio: z.string().optional(),
+    completionRatio: z.string().optional(),
+    imageRatio: z.string().optional(),
+    audioRatio: z.string().optional(),
+    audioCompletionRatio: z.string().optional(),
+  })
+
+type ModelDialogFormValues = z.infer<ReturnType<typeof createModelDialogSchema>>
+
+type PricingMode = 'per-token' | 'per-request' | 'tiered_expr'
+type PricingSubMode = 'ratio' | 'price'
+
+export type ModelRatioData = {
+  name: string
+  price?: string
+  ratio?: string
+  cacheRatio?: string
+  createCacheRatio?: string
+  completionRatio?: string
+  imageRatio?: string
+  audioRatio?: string
+  audioCompletionRatio?: string
+  billingMode?: 'per-token' | 'per-request' | 'tiered_expr'
+  billingExpr?: string
+  requestRuleExpr?: string
+}
+
+type ModelRatioDialogProps = {
+  open: boolean
+  onOpenChange: (open: boolean) => void
+  onSave: (data: ModelRatioData) => void
+  editData?: ModelRatioData | null
+}
+
+export function ModelRatioDialog({
+  open,
+  onOpenChange,
+  onSave,
+  editData,
+}: ModelRatioDialogProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const [pricingMode, setPricingMode] = useState<PricingMode>('per-token')
+  const [pricingSubMode, setPricingSubMode] = useState<PricingSubMode>('ratio')
+  const [advancedOpen, setAdvancedOpen] = useState(false)
+  const [promptPrice, setPromptPrice] = useState('')
+  const [completionPrice, setCompletionPrice] = useState('')
+  const [billingExpr, setBillingExpr] = useState('')
+  const [requestRuleExpr, setRequestRuleExpr] = useState('')
+  const isEditMode = !!editData
+
+  const form = useForm<ModelDialogFormValues>({
+    resolver: zodResolver(createModelDialogSchema(t)),
+    defaultValues: {
+      name: '',
+      price: '',
+      ratio: '',
+      cacheRatio: '',
+      createCacheRatio: '',
+      completionRatio: '',
+      imageRatio: '',
+      audioRatio: '',
+      audioCompletionRatio: '',
+    },
+  })
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (editData) {
+      form.reset(editData)
+      // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/set-state-in-effect
+      setBillingExpr(editData.billingExpr || '')
+      setRequestRuleExpr(editData.requestRuleExpr || '')
+
+      if (editData.billingMode === 'tiered_expr') {
+        setPricingMode('tiered_expr')
+      } else if (editData.price && editData.price !== '') {
+        setPricingMode('per-request')
+      } else {
+        setPricingMode('per-token')
+        if (editData.ratio) {
+          const tokenPrice = parseFloat(editData.ratio) * 2
+          setPromptPrice(tokenPrice.toString())
+          if (editData.completionRatio) {
+            const compPrice = tokenPrice * parseFloat(editData.completionRatio)
+            setCompletionPrice(compPrice.toString())
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      form.reset({
+        name: '',
+        price: '',
+        ratio: '',
+        cacheRatio: '',
+        createCacheRatio: '',
+        completionRatio: '',
+        imageRatio: '',
+        audioRatio: '',
+        audioCompletionRatio: '',
+      })
+      setPricingMode('per-token')
+      setPricingSubMode('ratio')
+      setPromptPrice('')
+      setCompletionPrice('')
+      setBillingExpr('')
+      setRequestRuleExpr('')
+      setAdvancedOpen(false)
+    }
+  }, [editData, form, open])
+
+  const handleSubmit = (values: ModelDialogFormValues) => {
+    // Always pass through every field. The visual editor decides what to
+    // persist based on `billingMode`, and tiered_expr models also keep the
+    // ratio/price values as fallback during multi-instance sync delays
+    // (the backend's ModelPriceHelper checks billing_mode first, so these
+    // fallbacks only kick in when billing_setting hasn't propagated yet).
+    const data: ModelRatioData = {
+      name: values.name,
+      billingMode: pricingMode,
+      price: values.price || '',
+      ratio: values.ratio || '',
+      cacheRatio: values.cacheRatio || '',
+      createCacheRatio: values.createCacheRatio || '',
+      completionRatio: values.completionRatio || '',
+      imageRatio: values.imageRatio || '',
+      audioRatio: values.audioRatio || '',
+      audioCompletionRatio: values.audioCompletionRatio || '',
+    }
+
+    if (pricingMode === 'tiered_expr') {
+      data.billingExpr = billingExpr
+      data.requestRuleExpr = requestRuleExpr
+    }
+
+    onSave(data)
+    form.reset()
+    onOpenChange(false)
+  }
+
+  const validateNumber = (value: string) => {
+    if (value === '') return true
+    return !isNaN(parseFloat(value))
+  }
+
+  const handlePromptPriceChange = (value: string) => {
+    setPromptPrice(value)
+    if (value && !isNaN(parseFloat(value))) {
+      const ratio = parseFloat(value) / 2
+      form.setValue('ratio', ratio.toString())
+    } else {
+      form.setValue('ratio', '')
+    }
+  }
+
+  const handleCompletionPriceChange = (value: string) => {
+    setCompletionPrice(value)
+    if (
+      value &&
+      !isNaN(parseFloat(value)) &&
+      promptPrice &&
+      !isNaN(parseFloat(promptPrice)) &&
+      parseFloat(promptPrice) > 0
+    ) {
+      const completionRatio = parseFloat(value) / parseFloat(promptPrice)
+      form.setValue('completionRatio', completionRatio.toString())
+    } else {
+      form.setValue('completionRatio', '')
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={onOpenChange}>
+      <DialogContent className='max-h-[90vh] overflow-y-auto sm:max-w-[680px]'>
+        <DialogHeader>
+          <DialogTitle>
+            {isEditMode ? t('Edit model') : t('Add model')}
+          </DialogTitle>
+          <DialogDescription>
+            {t('Configure pricing ratios for a specific model.')}
+          </DialogDescription>
+        </DialogHeader>
+
+        <Form {...form}>
+          <form
+            onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(handleSubmit)}
+            className='space-y-6'
+            autoComplete='off'
+          >
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='name'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Model name')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Input
+                      placeholder={t('gpt-4')}
+                      {...field}
+                      disabled={isEditMode}
+                    />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t('The exact model identifier as used in API requests.')}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <div className='space-y-4'>
+              <Label>{t('Pricing mode')}</Label>
+              <RadioGroup
+                value={pricingMode}
+                onValueChange={(value) => setPricingMode(value as PricingMode)}
+              >
+                <div className='flex items-center space-x-2'>
+                  <RadioGroupItem value='per-token' id='per-token' />
+                  <Label htmlFor='per-token' className='font-normal'>
+                    {t('Per-token (ratio based)')}
+                  </Label>
+                </div>
+                <div className='flex items-center space-x-2'>
+                  <RadioGroupItem value='per-request' id='per-request' />
+                  <Label htmlFor='per-request' className='font-normal'>
+                    {t('Per-request (fixed price)')}
+                  </Label>
+                </div>
+                <div className='flex items-center space-x-2'>
+                  <RadioGroupItem value='tiered_expr' id='tiered_expr' />
+                  <Label htmlFor='tiered_expr' className='font-normal'>
+                    {t('Tiered (billing expression)')}
+                  </Label>
+                </div>
+              </RadioGroup>
+            </div>
+
+            {pricingMode === 'tiered_expr' ? (
+              <TieredPricingEditor
+                modelName={form.getValues('name')}
+                billingExpr={billingExpr}
+                requestRuleExpr={requestRuleExpr}
+                onBillingExprChange={setBillingExpr}
+                onRequestRuleExprChange={setRequestRuleExpr}
+              />
+            ) : pricingMode === 'per-request' ? (
+              <FormField
+                control={form.control}
+                name='price'
+                render={({ field }) => (
+                  <FormItem>
+                    <FormLabel>{t('Fixed price (USD)')}</FormLabel>
+                    <FormControl>
+                      <Input
+                        type='text'
+                        placeholder='0.01'
+                        {...field}
+                        onChange={(e) => {
+                          const value = e.target.value
+                          if (validateNumber(value)) {
+                            field.onChange(value)
+                          }
+                        }}
+                      />
+                    </FormControl>
+                    <FormDescription>
+                      {t('Cost in USD per request, regardless of tokens used.')}
+                    </FormDescription>
+                    <FormMessage />
+                  </FormItem>
+                )}
+              />
+            ) : (
+              <>
+                <div className='space-y-4'>
+                  <Label>{t('Input mode')}</Label>
+                  <RadioGroup
+                    value={pricingSubMode}
+                    onValueChange={(value) =>
+                      setPricingSubMode(value as PricingSubMode)
+                    }
+                  >
+                    <div className='flex items-center space-x-2'>
+                      <RadioGroupItem value='ratio' id='ratio' />
+                      <Label htmlFor='ratio' className='font-normal'>
+                        {t('Ratio mode')}
+                      </Label>
+                    </div>
+                    <div className='flex items-center space-x-2'>
+                      <RadioGroupItem value='price' id='price' />
+                      <Label htmlFor='price' className='font-normal'>
+                        {t('Price mode (USD per 1M tokens)')}
+                      </Label>
+                    </div>
+                  </RadioGroup>
+                </div>
+
+                {pricingSubMode === 'ratio' ? (
+                  <>
+                    <FormField
+                      control={form.control}
+                      name='ratio'
+                      render={({ field }) => (
+                        <FormItem>
+                          <FormLabel>{t('Model ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                          <FormControl>
+                            <Input
+                              type='text'
+                              placeholder='1.0'
+                              {...field}
+                              onChange={(e) => {
+                                const value = e.target.value
+                                if (validateNumber(value)) {
+                                  field.onChange(value)
+                                  if (value) {
+                                    setPromptPrice(
+                                      (parseFloat(value) * 2).toString()
+                                    )
+                                  } else {
+                                    setPromptPrice('')
+                                  }
+                                }
+                              }}
+                            />
+                          </FormControl>
+                          <FormDescription>
+                            {field.value && !isNaN(parseFloat(field.value))
+                              ? t(
+                                  'Calculated price: ${{price}} per 1M tokens',
+                                  {
+                                    price: (
+                                      parseFloat(field.value) * 2
+                                    ).toFixed(4),
+                                  }
+                                )
+                              : t('Multiplier for prompt tokens.')}
+                          </FormDescription>
+                          <FormMessage />
+                        </FormItem>
+                      )}
+                    />
+
+                    <FormField
+                      control={form.control}
+                      name='completionRatio'
+                      render={({ field }) => (
+                        <FormItem>
+                          <FormLabel>{t('Completion ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                          <FormControl>
+                            <Input
+                              type='text'
+                              placeholder='1.0'
+                              {...field}
+                              onChange={(e) => {
+                                const value = e.target.value
+                                if (validateNumber(value)) {
+                                  field.onChange(value)
+                                  const ratio = form.getValues('ratio')
+                                  if (value && ratio) {
+                                    const compPrice =
+                                      parseFloat(ratio) * 2 * parseFloat(value)
+                                    setCompletionPrice(compPrice.toString())
+                                  } else {
+                                    setCompletionPrice('')
+                                  }
+                                }
+                              }}
+                            />
+                          </FormControl>
+                          <FormDescription>
+                            {field.value &&
+                            !isNaN(parseFloat(field.value)) &&
+                            promptPrice &&
+                            !isNaN(parseFloat(promptPrice))
+                              ? t(
+                                  'Calculated price: ${{price}} per 1M tokens',
+                                  {
+                                    price: (
+                                      parseFloat(promptPrice) *
+                                      parseFloat(field.value)
+                                    ).toFixed(4),
+                                  }
+                                )
+                              : t('Multiplier for completion tokens.')}
+                          </FormDescription>
+                          <FormMessage />
+                        </FormItem>
+                      )}
+                    />
+                  </>
+                ) : (
+                  <>
+                    <div className='space-y-4'>
+                      <div className='space-y-2'>
+                        <Label>{t('Prompt price ($/1M tokens)')}</Label>
+                        <Input
+                          type='text'
+                          placeholder='2.0'
+                          value={promptPrice}
+                          onChange={(e) =>
+                            handlePromptPriceChange(e.target.value)
+                          }
+                        />
+                        <p className='text-muted-foreground text-sm'>
+                          {promptPrice && !isNaN(parseFloat(promptPrice))
+                            ? t('Calculated ratio: {{ratio}}', {
+                                ratio: (parseFloat(promptPrice) / 2).toFixed(4),
+                              })
+                            : t('Enter Input price to calculate ratio')}
+                        </p>
+                      </div>
+
+                      <div className='space-y-2'>
+                        <Label>{t('Completion price ($/1M tokens)')}</Label>
+                        <Input
+                          type='text'
+                          placeholder='4.0'
+                          value={completionPrice}
+                          onChange={(e) =>
+                            handleCompletionPriceChange(e.target.value)
+                          }
+                        />
+                        <p className='text-muted-foreground text-sm'>
+                          {completionPrice &&
+                          !isNaN(parseFloat(completionPrice)) &&
+                          promptPrice &&
+                          !isNaN(parseFloat(promptPrice)) &&
+                          parseFloat(promptPrice) > 0
+                            ? t('Calculated ratio: {{ratio}}', {
+                                ratio: (
+                                  parseFloat(completionPrice) /
+                                  parseFloat(promptPrice)
+                                ).toFixed(4),
+                              })
+                            : t('Enter Completion price to calculate ratio')}
+                        </p>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                  </>
+                )}
+
+                <Collapsible open={advancedOpen} onOpenChange={setAdvancedOpen}>
+                  <CollapsibleTrigger asChild>
+                    <Button
+                      type='button'
+                      variant='outline'
+                      className='flex w-full items-center justify-between'
+                    >
+                      {t('Advanced options')}
+                      <ChevronDown
+                        className={`h-4 w-4 transition-transform duration-200 ${
+                          advancedOpen ? 'rotate-180' : ''
+                        }`}
+                      />
+                    </Button>
+                  </CollapsibleTrigger>
+                  <CollapsibleContent className='space-y-6 pt-6'>
+                    <FormField
+                      control={form.control}
+                      name='cacheRatio'
+                      render={({ field }) => (
+                        <FormItem>
+                          <FormLabel>{t('Cache ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                          <FormControl>
+                            <Input
+                              type='text'
+                              placeholder='0.1'
+                              {...field}
+                              onChange={(e) => {
+                                const value = e.target.value
+                                if (validateNumber(value)) {
+                                  field.onChange(value)
+                                }
+                              }}
+                            />
+                          </FormControl>
+                          <FormDescription>
+                            {t('Discount ratio for cache hits.')}
+                          </FormDescription>
+                          <FormMessage />
+                        </FormItem>
+                      )}
+                    />
+
+                    <FormField
+                      control={form.control}
+                      name='createCacheRatio'
+                      render={({ field }) => (
+                        <FormItem>
+                          <FormLabel>{t('Create cache ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                          <FormControl>
+                            <Input
+                              type='text'
+                              placeholder='1.25'
+                              {...field}
+                              onChange={(e) => {
+                                const value = e.target.value
+                                if (validateNumber(value)) {
+                                  field.onChange(value)
+                                }
+                              }}
+                            />
+                          </FormControl>
+                          <FormDescription>
+                            {t(
+                              'Ratio applied when creating cache entries for supported models.'
+                            )}
+                          </FormDescription>
+                          <FormMessage />
+                        </FormItem>
+                      )}
+                    />
+
+                    <FormField
+                      control={form.control}
+                      name='imageRatio'
+                      render={({ field }) => (
+                        <FormItem>
+                          <FormLabel>{t('Image ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                          <FormControl>
+                            <Input
+                              type='text'
+                              placeholder='1.0'
+                              {...field}
+                              onChange={(e) => {
+                                const value = e.target.value
+                                if (validateNumber(value)) {
+                                  field.onChange(value)
+                                }
+                              }}
+                            />
+                          </FormControl>
+                          <FormDescription>
+                            {t('Multiplier for image processing.')}
+                          </FormDescription>
+                          <FormMessage />
+                        </FormItem>
+                      )}
+                    />
+
+                    <FormField
+                      control={form.control}
+                      name='audioRatio'
+                      render={({ field }) => (
+                        <FormItem>
+                          <FormLabel>{t('Audio ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                          <FormControl>
+                            <Input
+                              type='text'
+                              placeholder='1.0'
+                              {...field}
+                              onChange={(e) => {
+                                const value = e.target.value
+                                if (validateNumber(value)) {
+                                  field.onChange(value)
+                                }
+                              }}
+                            />
+                          </FormControl>
+                          <FormDescription>
+                            {t('Multiplier for audio inputs.')}
+                          </FormDescription>
+                          <FormMessage />
+                        </FormItem>
+                      )}
+                    />
+
+                    <FormField
+                      control={form.control}
+                      name='audioCompletionRatio'
+                      render={({ field }) => (
+                        <FormItem>
+                          <FormLabel>{t('Audio completion ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                          <FormControl>
+                            <Input
+                              type='text'
+                              placeholder='1.0'
+                              {...field}
+                              onChange={(e) => {
+                                const value = e.target.value
+                                if (validateNumber(value)) {
+                                  field.onChange(value)
+                                }
+                              }}
+                            />
+                          </FormControl>
+                          <FormDescription>
+                            {t('Multiplier for audio outputs.')}
+                          </FormDescription>
+                          <FormMessage />
+                        </FormItem>
+                      )}
+                    />
+                  </CollapsibleContent>
+                </Collapsible>
+              </>
+            )}
+
+            <DialogFooter>
+              <Button
+                type='button'
+                variant='outline'
+                onClick={() => onOpenChange(false)}
+              >
+                {t('Cancel')}
+              </Button>
+              <Button type='submit'>
+                {isEditMode ? t('Update') : t('Add')}
+              </Button>
+            </DialogFooter>
+          </form>
+        </Form>
+      </DialogContent>
+    </Dialog>
+  )
+}

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/model-ratio-form.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+import { memo, useCallback, useState } from 'react'
+import { type UseFormReturn } from 'react-hook-form'
+import { Code2, Eye } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
+import {
+  Form,
+  FormControl,
+  FormDescription,
+  FormField,
+  FormItem,
+  FormLabel,
+  FormMessage,
+} from '@/components/ui/form'
+import { Switch } from '@/components/ui/switch'
+import { Textarea } from '@/components/ui/textarea'
+import { ModelRatioVisualEditor } from './model-ratio-visual-editor'
+
+type ModelFormValues = {
+  ModelPrice: string
+  ModelRatio: string
+  CacheRatio: string
+  CreateCacheRatio: string
+  CompletionRatio: string
+  ImageRatio: string
+  AudioRatio: string
+  AudioCompletionRatio: string
+  ExposeRatioEnabled: boolean
+  BillingMode: string
+  BillingExpr: string
+}
+
+type ModelRatioFormProps = {
+  form: UseFormReturn<ModelFormValues>
+  onSave: (values: ModelFormValues) => Promise<void>
+  onReset: () => void
+  isSaving: boolean
+  isResetting: boolean
+}
+
+export const ModelRatioForm = memo(function ModelRatioForm({
+  form,
+  onSave,
+  onReset,
+  isSaving,
+  isResetting,
+}: ModelRatioFormProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const [editMode, setEditMode] = useState<'visual' | 'json'>('visual')
+
+  const handleFieldChange = useCallback(
+    (field: keyof ModelFormValues, value: string) => {
+      form.setValue(field, value, {
+        shouldValidate: true,
+        shouldDirty: true,
+      })
+    },
+    [form]
+  )
+
+  const toggleEditMode = useCallback(() => {
+    setEditMode((prev) => (prev === 'visual' ? 'json' : 'visual'))
+  }, [])
+
+  return (
+    <div className='space-y-6'>
+      <div className='flex justify-end'>
+        <Button variant='outline' size='sm' onClick={toggleEditMode}>
+          {editMode === 'visual' ? (
+            <>
+              <Code2 className='mr-2 h-4 w-4' />
+              {t('Switch to JSON')}
+            </>
+          ) : (
+            <>
+              <Eye className='mr-2 h-4 w-4' />
+              {t('Switch to Visual')}
+            </>
+          )}
+        </Button>
+      </div>
+
+      <Form {...form}>
+        {editMode === 'visual' ? (
+          <div className='space-y-6'>
+            <ModelRatioVisualEditor
+              modelPrice={form.watch('ModelPrice')}
+              modelRatio={form.watch('ModelRatio')}
+              cacheRatio={form.watch('CacheRatio')}
+              createCacheRatio={form.watch('CreateCacheRatio')}
+              completionRatio={form.watch('CompletionRatio')}
+              imageRatio={form.watch('ImageRatio')}
+              audioRatio={form.watch('AudioRatio')}
+              audioCompletionRatio={form.watch('AudioCompletionRatio')}
+              billingMode={form.watch('BillingMode')}
+              billingExpr={form.watch('BillingExpr')}
+              onChange={(field, value) => {
+                const fieldMap: Record<string, keyof ModelFormValues> = {
+                  'billing_setting.billing_mode': 'BillingMode',
+                  'billing_setting.billing_expr': 'BillingExpr',
+                }
+                const formField =
+                  fieldMap[field] || (field as keyof ModelFormValues)
+                handleFieldChange(formField, value)
+              }}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='ExposeRatioEnabled'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem className='flex flex-row items-center justify-between rounded-lg border p-4'>
+                  <div className='space-y-0.5'>
+                    <FormLabel className='text-base'>
+                      {t('Expose ratio API')}
+                    </FormLabel>
+                    <FormDescription>
+                      {t(
+                        'Allow clients to query configured ratios via `/api/ratio`.'
+                      )}
+                    </FormDescription>
+                  </div>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Switch
+                      checked={field.value}
+                      onCheckedChange={field.onChange}
+                    />
+                  </FormControl>
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <div className='flex flex-wrap gap-4'>
+              <Button onClick={form.handleSubmit(onSave)} disabled={isSaving}>
+                {isSaving ? t('Saving...') : t('Save model ratios')}
+              </Button>
+              <Button
+                type='button'
+                variant='destructive'
+                onClick={onReset}
+                disabled={isResetting}
+              >
+                {t('Reset ratios')}
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        ) : (
+          <form onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(onSave)} className='space-y-6'>
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='ModelPrice'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Model fixed pricing')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Textarea rows={8} {...field} />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'JSON map of model → USD cost per request. Takes precedence over ratio based billing.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='ModelRatio'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Model ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Textarea rows={8} {...field} />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'JSON map of model → multiplier applied to quota billing.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='CacheRatio'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Prompt cache ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Textarea rows={8} {...field} />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t('Optional ratio used when upstream cache hits occur.')}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='CreateCacheRatio'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Create cache ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Textarea rows={8} {...field} />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'Ratio applied when creating cache entries for supported models.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='CompletionRatio'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Completion ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Textarea rows={8} {...field} />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'Applies to custom completion endpoints. JSON map of model → ratio.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='ImageRatio'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Image ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Textarea rows={6} {...field} />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'Configure per-model ratio for image inputs or outputs.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='AudioRatio'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Audio ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Textarea rows={6} {...field} />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'Ratio applied to audio inputs where supported by the upstream model.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='AudioCompletionRatio'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>{t('Audio completion ratio')}</FormLabel>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Textarea rows={6} {...field} />
+                  </FormControl>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    {t(
+                      'Ratio applied to audio completions for streaming models.'
+                    )}
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name='ExposeRatioEnabled'
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem className='flex flex-row items-center justify-between rounded-lg border p-4'>
+                  <div className='space-y-0.5'>
+                    <FormLabel className='text-base'>
+                      {t('Expose ratio API')}
+                    </FormLabel>
+                    <FormDescription>
+                      {t(
+                        'Allow clients to query configured ratios via `/api/ratio`.'
+                      )}
+                    </FormDescription>
+                  </div>
+                  <FormControl>
+                    <Switch
+                      checked={field.value}
+                      onCheckedChange={field.onChange}
+                    />
+                  </FormControl>
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <div className='flex flex-wrap gap-4'>
+              <Button type='submit' disabled={isSaving}>
+                {isSaving ? t('Saving...') : t('Save model ratios')}
+              </Button>
+              <Button
+                type='button'
+                variant='destructive'
+                onClick={onReset}
+                disabled={isResetting}
+              >
+                {t('Reset ratios')}
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+          </form>
+        )}
+      </Form>
+    </div>
+  )
+})

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/model-ratio-visual-editor.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,786 @@
+import { useState, useMemo, memo, useCallback, useEffect } from 'react'
+import {
+  type ColumnDef,
+  type PaginationState,
+  type VisibilityState,
+  type SortingState,
+  flexRender,
+  getCoreRowModel,
+  getFilteredRowModel,
+  getSortedRowModel,
+  getPaginationRowModel,
+  useReactTable,
+} from '@tanstack/react-table'
+import { Pencil, Plus, Trash2 } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
+import {
+  Table,
+  TableBody,
+  TableCell,
+  TableHead,
+  TableHeader,
+  TableRow,
+} from '@/components/ui/table'
+import {
+  DataTableColumnHeader,
+  DataTableToolbar,
+  DataTablePagination,
+} from '@/components/data-table'
+import { StatusBadge } from '@/components/status-badge'
+import {
+  combineBillingExpr,
+  splitBillingExprAndRequestRules,
+} from '@/features/pricing/lib/billing-expr'
+import { safeJsonParse } from '../utils/json-parser'
+import { ModelRatioDialog, type ModelRatioData } from './model-ratio-dialog'
+
+type ModelRatioVisualEditorProps = {
+  modelPrice: string
+  modelRatio: string
+  cacheRatio: string
+  createCacheRatio: string
+  completionRatio: string
+  imageRatio: string
+  audioRatio: string
+  audioCompletionRatio: string
+  billingMode: string
+  billingExpr: string
+  onChange: (field: string, value: string) => void
+}
+
+type ModelRow = {
+  name: string
+  price?: string
+  ratio?: string
+  cacheRatio?: string
+  createCacheRatio?: string
+  completionRatio?: string
+  imageRatio?: string
+  audioRatio?: string
+  audioCompletionRatio?: string
+  billingMode?: string
+  billingExpr?: string
+  requestRuleExpr?: string
+  hasConflict: boolean
+}
+
+const STORAGE_KEY = 'model-ratio-column-visibility'
+
+const formatValue = (value?: string) => {
+  if (!value || value === '') return '—'
+  return value
+}
+
+export const ModelRatioVisualEditor = memo(
+  function ModelRatioVisualEditor({
+    modelPrice,
+    modelRatio,
+    cacheRatio,
+    createCacheRatio,
+    completionRatio,
+    imageRatio,
+    audioRatio,
+    audioCompletionRatio,
+    billingMode,
+    billingExpr,
+    onChange,
+  }: ModelRatioVisualEditorProps) {
+    const { t } = useTranslation()
+    const [dialogOpen, setDialogOpen] = useState(false)
+    const [editData, setEditData] = useState<ModelRatioData | null>(null)
+    const [sorting, setSorting] = useState<SortingState>([])
+    const [pagination, setPagination] = useState<PaginationState>({
+      pageIndex: 0,
+      pageSize: 10,
+    })
+    const [columnVisibility, setColumnVisibility] = useState<VisibilityState>(
+      () => {
+        const saved = localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY)
+        if (saved) {
+          try {
+            return safeJsonParse<VisibilityState>(saved, {
+              fallback: {
+                cacheRatio: false,
+                imageRatio: false,
+                audioRatio: false,
+                audioCompletionRatio: false,
+              },
+              silent: true,
+            })
+          } catch {
+            return {
+              cacheRatio: false,
+              createCacheRatio: false,
+              imageRatio: false,
+              audioRatio: false,
+              audioCompletionRatio: false,
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        return {
+          cacheRatio: false,
+          createCacheRatio: false,
+          imageRatio: false,
+          audioRatio: false,
+          audioCompletionRatio: false,
+        }
+      }
+    )
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+      localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(columnVisibility))
+    }, [columnVisibility])
+
+    const models = useMemo(() => {
+      const priceMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(modelPrice, {
+        fallback: {},
+        context: 'model prices',
+      })
+      const ratioMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(modelRatio, {
+        fallback: {},
+        context: 'model ratios',
+      })
+      const cacheMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(cacheRatio, {
+        fallback: {},
+        context: 'cache ratios',
+      })
+      const createCacheMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(
+        createCacheRatio,
+        { fallback: {}, context: 'create cache ratios' }
+      )
+      const completionMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(
+        completionRatio,
+        { fallback: {}, context: 'completion ratios' }
+      )
+      const imageMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(imageRatio, {
+        fallback: {},
+        context: 'image ratios',
+      })
+      const audioMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(audioRatio, {
+        fallback: {},
+        context: 'audio ratios',
+      })
+      const audioCompletionMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(
+        audioCompletionRatio,
+        { fallback: {}, context: 'audio completion ratios' }
+      )
+      const billingModeMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, string>>(
+        billingMode,
+        {
+          fallback: {},
+          context: 'billing mode',
+        }
+      )
+      const billingExprMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, string>>(
+        billingExpr,
+        {
+          fallback: {},
+          context: 'billing expression',
+        }
+      )
+
+      const modelNames = new Set([
+        ...Object.keys(priceMap),
+        ...Object.keys(ratioMap),
+        ...Object.keys(cacheMap),
+        ...Object.keys(createCacheMap),
+        ...Object.keys(completionMap),
+        ...Object.keys(imageMap),
+        ...Object.keys(audioMap),
+        ...Object.keys(audioCompletionMap),
+        ...Object.keys(billingModeMap),
+        ...Object.keys(billingExprMap),
+      ])
+
+      const modelData: ModelRow[] = Array.from(modelNames).map((name) => {
+        const price = priceMap[name]?.toString() || ''
+        const ratio = ratioMap[name]?.toString() || ''
+        const cache = cacheMap[name]?.toString() || ''
+        const createCache = createCacheMap[name]?.toString() || ''
+        const completion = completionMap[name]?.toString() || ''
+        const image = imageMap[name]?.toString() || ''
+        const audio = audioMap[name]?.toString() || ''
+        const audioCompletion = audioCompletionMap[name]?.toString() || ''
+
+        const modeForModel = billingModeMap[name]
+        if (modeForModel === 'tiered_expr') {
+          // Tiered_expr models may also retain ratio/price values as fallback
+          // during multi-instance sync delays. We preserve them in the row so
+          // the edit dialog round-trip and the next save don't drop them.
+          const fullExpr = billingExprMap[name] || ''
+          const { billingExpr: pureExpr, requestRuleExpr } =
+            splitBillingExprAndRequestRules(fullExpr)
+          return {
+            name,
+            billingMode: 'tiered_expr',
+            billingExpr: pureExpr,
+            requestRuleExpr,
+            price,
+            ratio,
+            cacheRatio: cache,
+            createCacheRatio: createCache,
+            completionRatio: completion,
+            imageRatio: image,
+            audioRatio: audio,
+            audioCompletionRatio: audioCompletion,
+            hasConflict: false,
+          }
+        }
+
+        return {
+          name,
+          price,
+          ratio,
+          cacheRatio: cache,
+          createCacheRatio: createCache,
+          completionRatio: completion,
+          imageRatio: image,
+          audioRatio: audio,
+          audioCompletionRatio: audioCompletion,
+          billingMode: price !== '' ? 'per-request' : 'per-token',
+          hasConflict:
+            price !== '' &&
+            (ratio !== '' ||
+              completion !== '' ||
+              cache !== '' ||
+              createCache !== '' ||
+              image !== '' ||
+              audio !== '' ||
+              audioCompletion !== ''),
+        }
+      })
+
+      return modelData.sort((a, b) => a.name.localeCompare(b.name))
+    }, [
+      modelPrice,
+      modelRatio,
+      cacheRatio,
+      createCacheRatio,
+      completionRatio,
+      imageRatio,
+      audioRatio,
+      audioCompletionRatio,
+      billingMode,
+      billingExpr,
+    ])
+
+    const handleEdit = useCallback((model: ModelRow) => {
+      setEditData({
+        name: model.name,
+        price: model.price,
+        ratio: model.ratio,
+        cacheRatio: model.cacheRatio,
+        createCacheRatio: model.createCacheRatio,
+        completionRatio: model.completionRatio,
+        imageRatio: model.imageRatio,
+        audioRatio: model.audioRatio,
+        audioCompletionRatio: model.audioCompletionRatio,
+        billingMode:
+          model.billingMode === 'tiered_expr'
+            ? 'tiered_expr'
+            : model.price && model.price !== ''
+              ? 'per-request'
+              : 'per-token',
+        billingExpr: model.billingExpr,
+        requestRuleExpr: model.requestRuleExpr,
+      })
+      setDialogOpen(true)
+    }, [])
+
+    const handleAdd = useCallback(() => {
+      setEditData(null)
+      setDialogOpen(true)
+    }, [])
+
+    const handleDelete = useCallback(
+      (name: string) => {
+        const priceMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(modelPrice, {
+          fallback: {},
+          silent: true,
+        })
+        const ratioMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(modelRatio, {
+          fallback: {},
+          silent: true,
+        })
+        const cacheMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(cacheRatio, {
+          fallback: {},
+          silent: true,
+        })
+        const createCacheMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(
+          createCacheRatio,
+          { fallback: {}, silent: true }
+        )
+        const completionMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(
+          completionRatio,
+          { fallback: {}, silent: true }
+        )
+        const imageMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(imageRatio, {
+          fallback: {},
+          silent: true,
+        })
+        const audioMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(audioRatio, {
+          fallback: {},
+          silent: true,
+        })
+        const audioCompletionMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(
+          audioCompletionRatio,
+          { fallback: {}, silent: true }
+        )
+        const billingModeMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, string>>(
+          billingMode,
+          { fallback: {}, silent: true }
+        )
+        const billingExprMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, string>>(
+          billingExpr,
+          { fallback: {}, silent: true }
+        )
+
+        delete priceMap[name]
+        delete ratioMap[name]
+        delete cacheMap[name]
+        delete createCacheMap[name]
+        delete completionMap[name]
+        delete imageMap[name]
+        delete audioMap[name]
+        delete audioCompletionMap[name]
+        delete billingModeMap[name]
+        delete billingExprMap[name]
+
+        onChange('ModelPrice', JSON.stringify(priceMap, null, 2))
+        onChange('ModelRatio', JSON.stringify(ratioMap, null, 2))
+        onChange('CacheRatio', JSON.stringify(cacheMap, null, 2))
+        onChange('CreateCacheRatio', JSON.stringify(createCacheMap, null, 2))
+        onChange('CompletionRatio', JSON.stringify(completionMap, null, 2))
+        onChange('ImageRatio', JSON.stringify(imageMap, null, 2))
+        onChange('AudioRatio', JSON.stringify(audioMap, null, 2))
+        onChange(
+          'AudioCompletionRatio',
+          JSON.stringify(audioCompletionMap, null, 2)
+        )
+        onChange(
+          'billing_setting.billing_mode',
+          JSON.stringify(billingModeMap, null, 2)
+        )
+        onChange(
+          'billing_setting.billing_expr',
+          JSON.stringify(billingExprMap, null, 2)
+        )
+      },
+      [
+        modelPrice,
+        modelRatio,
+        cacheRatio,
+        createCacheRatio,
+        completionRatio,
+        imageRatio,
+        audioRatio,
+        audioCompletionRatio,
+        billingMode,
+        billingExpr,
+        onChange,
+      ]
+    )
+
+    const columns = useMemo<ColumnDef<ModelRow>[]>(() => {
+      // Ratio fields are not the primary pricing when a per-request fixed
+      // price is set, or when the model is in tiered_expr mode (the
+      // expression is primary; ratios are fallback during sync delays).
+      const isFallbackRow = (row: ModelRow) =>
+        row.billingMode === 'tiered_expr' || !!row.price
+      const fallbackClass = (row: ModelRow) =>
+        isFallbackRow(row) ? 'text-muted-foreground' : ''
+
+      return [
+        {
+          accessorKey: 'name',
+          header: ({ column }) => (
+            <DataTableColumnHeader column={column} title={t('Model name')} />
+          ),
+          cell: ({ row }) => (
+            <div className='flex items-center gap-2 font-medium'>
+              {row.getValue('name')}
+              {row.original.billingMode === 'tiered_expr' && (
+                <StatusBadge
+                  label={t('Tiered')}
+                  variant='info'
+                  copyable={false}
+                />
+              )}
+              {row.original.hasConflict && (
+                <StatusBadge
+                  label={t('Conflict')}
+                  variant='danger'
+                  copyable={false}
+                />
+              )}
+            </div>
+          ),
+          enableHiding: false,
+        },
+        {
+          accessorKey: 'price',
+          header: ({ column }) => (
+            <DataTableColumnHeader column={column} title={t('Fixed price')} />
+          ),
+          cell: ({ row }) => (
+            <span
+              className={
+                row.original.billingMode === 'tiered_expr'
+                  ? 'text-muted-foreground'
+                  : ''
+              }
+            >
+              {formatValue(row.getValue('price'))}
+            </span>
+          ),
+          meta: { label: 'Fixed price' },
+        },
+        {
+          accessorKey: 'ratio',
+          header: ({ column }) => (
+            <DataTableColumnHeader column={column} title={t('Ratio')} />
+          ),
+          cell: ({ row }) => (
+            <span className={fallbackClass(row.original)}>
+              {formatValue(row.getValue('ratio'))}
+            </span>
+          ),
+          meta: { label: 'Ratio' },
+        },
+        {
+          accessorKey: 'completionRatio',
+          header: ({ column }) => (
+            <DataTableColumnHeader column={column} title={t('Completion')} />
+          ),
+          cell: ({ row }) => (
+            <span className={fallbackClass(row.original)}>
+              {formatValue(row.getValue('completionRatio'))}
+            </span>
+          ),
+          meta: { label: 'Completion' },
+        },
+        {
+          accessorKey: 'cacheRatio',
+          header: ({ column }) => (
+            <DataTableColumnHeader column={column} title={t('Cache')} />
+          ),
+          cell: ({ row }) => (
+            <span className={fallbackClass(row.original)}>
+              {formatValue(row.getValue('cacheRatio'))}
+            </span>
+          ),
+          meta: { label: 'Cache' },
+        },
+        {
+          accessorKey: 'createCacheRatio',
+          header: ({ column }) => (
+            <DataTableColumnHeader column={column} title={t('Create cache')} />
+          ),
+          cell: ({ row }) => (
+            <span className={fallbackClass(row.original)}>
+              {formatValue(row.getValue('createCacheRatio'))}
+            </span>
+          ),
+          meta: { label: 'Create cache' },
+        },
+        {
+          accessorKey: 'imageRatio',
+          header: ({ column }) => (
+            <DataTableColumnHeader column={column} title={t('Image')} />
+          ),
+          cell: ({ row }) => (
+            <span className={fallbackClass(row.original)}>
+              {formatValue(row.getValue('imageRatio'))}
+            </span>
+          ),
+          meta: { label: 'Image' },
+        },
+        {
+          accessorKey: 'audioRatio',
+          header: ({ column }) => (
+            <DataTableColumnHeader column={column} title={t('Audio')} />
+          ),
+          cell: ({ row }) => (
+            <span className={fallbackClass(row.original)}>
+              {formatValue(row.getValue('audioRatio'))}
+            </span>
+          ),
+          meta: { label: 'Audio' },
+        },
+        {
+          accessorKey: 'audioCompletionRatio',
+          header: ({ column }) => (
+            <DataTableColumnHeader column={column} title={t('Audio comp.')} />
+          ),
+          cell: ({ row }) => (
+            <span className={fallbackClass(row.original)}>
+              {formatValue(row.getValue('audioCompletionRatio'))}
+            </span>
+          ),
+          meta: { label: 'Audio comp.' },
+        },
+        {
+          id: 'actions',
+          cell: ({ row }) => (
+            <div className='flex justify-end gap-2'>
+              <Button
+                variant='ghost'
+                size='sm'
+                onClick={() => handleEdit(row.original)}
+              >
+                <Pencil className='h-4 w-4' />
+              </Button>
+              <Button
+                variant='ghost'
+                size='sm'
+                onClick={() => handleDelete(row.original.name)}
+              >
+                <Trash2 className='h-4 w-4' />
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+          ),
+          enableHiding: false,
+        },
+      ]
+    }, [handleEdit, handleDelete, t])
+
+    const table = useReactTable({
+      data: models,
+      columns,
+      state: {
+        sorting,
+        columnVisibility,
+        pagination,
+      },
+      onSortingChange: setSorting,
+      onColumnVisibilityChange: setColumnVisibility,
+      onPaginationChange: setPagination,
+      autoResetPageIndex: false,
+      getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
+      getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
+      getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
+      getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
+      globalFilterFn: (row, _columnId, filterValue) => {
+        const searchValue = String(filterValue).toLowerCase()
+        return row.original.name.toLowerCase().includes(searchValue)
+      },
+    })
+
+    const handleSave = useCallback(
+      (data: ModelRatioData) => {
+        const priceMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(modelPrice, {
+          fallback: {},
+          silent: true,
+        })
+        const ratioMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(modelRatio, {
+          fallback: {},
+          silent: true,
+        })
+        const cacheMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(cacheRatio, {
+          fallback: {},
+          silent: true,
+        })
+        const createCacheMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(
+          createCacheRatio,
+          { fallback: {}, silent: true }
+        )
+        const completionMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(
+          completionRatio,
+          { fallback: {}, silent: true }
+        )
+        const imageMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(imageRatio, {
+          fallback: {},
+          silent: true,
+        })
+        const audioMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(audioRatio, {
+          fallback: {},
+          silent: true,
+        })
+        const audioCompletionMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, number>>(
+          audioCompletionRatio,
+          { fallback: {}, silent: true }
+        )
+        const billingModeMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, string>>(
+          billingMode,
+          { fallback: {}, silent: true }
+        )
+        const billingExprMap = safeJsonParse<Record<string, string>>(
+          billingExpr,
+          { fallback: {}, silent: true }
+        )
+
+        delete priceMap[data.name]
+        delete ratioMap[data.name]
+        delete cacheMap[data.name]
+        delete createCacheMap[data.name]
+        delete completionMap[data.name]
+        delete imageMap[data.name]
+        delete audioMap[data.name]
+        delete audioCompletionMap[data.name]
+        delete billingModeMap[data.name]
+        delete billingExprMap[data.name]
+
+        const setIfPresent = (
+          target: Record<string, number>,
+          value: string | undefined
+        ) => {
+          if (!value || value === '') return
+          const parsed = parseFloat(value)
+          if (Number.isFinite(parsed)) target[data.name] = parsed
+        }
+
+        if (data.billingMode === 'tiered_expr') {
+          const combined = combineBillingExpr(
+            data.billingExpr || '',
+            data.requestRuleExpr || ''
+          )
+          if (combined) {
+            billingModeMap[data.name] = 'tiered_expr'
+            billingExprMap[data.name] = combined
+          }
+          // Always serialize ratio/price values for tiered_expr models so they
+          // serve as fallback during multi-instance sync delays. The backend's
+          // ModelPriceHelper checks billing_mode first, so these values are
+          // only consulted when billing_setting hasn't propagated yet.
+          setIfPresent(priceMap, data.price)
+          setIfPresent(ratioMap, data.ratio)
+          setIfPresent(cacheMap, data.cacheRatio)
+          setIfPresent(createCacheMap, data.createCacheRatio)
+          setIfPresent(completionMap, data.completionRatio)
+          setIfPresent(imageMap, data.imageRatio)
+          setIfPresent(audioMap, data.audioRatio)
+          setIfPresent(audioCompletionMap, data.audioCompletionRatio)
+        } else if (data.price && data.price !== '') {
+          setIfPresent(priceMap, data.price)
+        } else {
+          setIfPresent(ratioMap, data.ratio)
+          setIfPresent(cacheMap, data.cacheRatio)
+          setIfPresent(createCacheMap, data.createCacheRatio)
+          setIfPresent(completionMap, data.completionRatio)
+          setIfPresent(imageMap, data.imageRatio)
+          setIfPresent(audioMap, data.audioRatio)
+          setIfPresent(audioCompletionMap, data.audioCompletionRatio)
+        }
+
+        onChange('ModelPrice', JSON.stringify(priceMap, null, 2))
+        onChange('ModelRatio', JSON.stringify(ratioMap, null, 2))
+        onChange('CacheRatio', JSON.stringify(cacheMap, null, 2))
+        onChange('CreateCacheRatio', JSON.stringify(createCacheMap, null, 2))
+        onChange('CompletionRatio', JSON.stringify(completionMap, null, 2))
+        onChange('ImageRatio', JSON.stringify(imageMap, null, 2))
+        onChange('AudioRatio', JSON.stringify(audioMap, null, 2))
+        onChange(
+          'AudioCompletionRatio',
+          JSON.stringify(audioCompletionMap, null, 2)
+        )
+        onChange(
+          'billing_setting.billing_mode',
+          JSON.stringify(billingModeMap, null, 2)
+        )
+        onChange(
+          'billing_setting.billing_expr',
+          JSON.stringify(billingExprMap, null, 2)
+        )
+      },
+      [
+        modelPrice,
+        modelRatio,
+        cacheRatio,
+        createCacheRatio,
+        completionRatio,
+        imageRatio,
+        audioRatio,
+        audioCompletionRatio,
+        billingMode,
+        billingExpr,
+        onChange,
+      ]
+    )
+
+    return (
+      <div className='space-y-4'>
+        <div className='flex items-center justify-between gap-4'>
+          <DataTableToolbar
+            table={table}
+            searchPlaceholder={t('Search models...')}
+          />
+          <Button onClick={handleAdd}>
+            <Plus className='mr-2 h-4 w-4' />
+            {t('Add model')}
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+
+        {table.getRowModel().rows.length === 0 ? (
+          <div className='text-muted-foreground rounded-lg border border-dashed p-8 text-center'>
+            {table.getState().globalFilter
+              ? t('No models match your search')
+              : t('No models configured. Click "Add model" to get started.')}
+          </div>
+        ) : (
+          <div className='overflow-hidden rounded-md border'>
+            <Table>
+              <TableHeader>
+                {table.getHeaderGroups().map((headerGroup) => (
+                  <TableRow key={headerGroup.id}>
+                    {headerGroup.headers.map((header) => (
+                      <TableHead key={header.id} colSpan={header.colSpan}>
+                        {header.isPlaceholder
+                          ? null
+                          : flexRender(
+                              header.column.columnDef.header,
+                              header.getContext()
+                            )}
+                      </TableHead>
+                    ))}
+                  </TableRow>
+                ))}
+              </TableHeader>
+              <TableBody>
+                {table.getRowModel().rows.map((row) => (
+                  <TableRow key={row.id}>
+                    {row.getVisibleCells().map((cell) => (
+                      <TableCell key={cell.id}>
+                        {flexRender(
+                          cell.column.columnDef.cell,
+                          cell.getContext()
+                        )}
+                      </TableCell>
+                    ))}
+                  </TableRow>
+                ))}
+              </TableBody>
+            </Table>
+          </div>
+        )}
+
+        {table.getRowModel().rows.length > 0 && (
+          <DataTablePagination table={table} />
+        )}
+
+        <ModelRatioDialog
+          open={dialogOpen}
+          onOpenChange={setDialogOpen}
+          onSave={handleSave}
+          editData={editData}
+        />
+      </div>
+    )
+  },
+  // Custom equality check - only re-render if JSON props actually changed
+  (prevProps, nextProps) => {
+    return (
+      prevProps.modelPrice === nextProps.modelPrice &&
+      prevProps.modelRatio === nextProps.modelRatio &&
+      prevProps.cacheRatio === nextProps.cacheRatio &&
+      prevProps.createCacheRatio === nextProps.createCacheRatio &&
+      prevProps.completionRatio === nextProps.completionRatio &&
+      prevProps.imageRatio === nextProps.imageRatio &&
+      prevProps.audioRatio === nextProps.audioRatio &&
+      prevProps.audioCompletionRatio === nextProps.audioCompletionRatio &&
+      prevProps.billingMode === nextProps.billingMode &&
+      prevProps.billingExpr === nextProps.billingExpr &&
+      prevProps.onChange === nextProps.onChange
+    )
+  }
+)

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/ratio-settings-card.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
+import * as z from 'zod'
+import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form'
+import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod'
+import { useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { toast } from 'sonner'
+import { Tabs, TabsContent, TabsList, TabsTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tabs'
+import { ConfirmDialog } from '@/components/confirm-dialog'
+import { resetModelRatios } from '../api'
+import { SettingsSection } from '../components/settings-section'
+import { useUpdateOption } from '../hooks/use-update-option'
+import { GroupRatioForm } from './group-ratio-form'
+import { ModelRatioForm } from './model-ratio-form'
+import { ToolPriceSettings } from './tool-price-settings'
+import { UpstreamRatioSync } from './upstream-ratio-sync'
+import {
+  formatJsonForTextarea,
+  normalizeJsonString,
+  validateJsonString,
+} from './utils'
+
+const modelSchema = z.object({
+  ModelPrice: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value)
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+  ModelRatio: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value)
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+  CacheRatio: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value)
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+  CreateCacheRatio: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value)
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+  CompletionRatio: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value)
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+  ImageRatio: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value)
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+  AudioRatio: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value)
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+  AudioCompletionRatio: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value)
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+  ExposeRatioEnabled: z.boolean(),
+  BillingMode: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value)
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+  BillingExpr: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value)
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+})
+
+const groupSchema = z.object({
+  GroupRatio: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value)
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+  TopupGroupRatio: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value)
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+  UserUsableGroups: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value)
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+  GroupGroupRatio: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value)
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+  AutoGroups: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value, {
+      predicate: (parsed) =>
+        Array.isArray(parsed) &&
+        parsed.every((item) => typeof item === 'string'),
+      predicateMessage: 'Expected a JSON array of group identifiers',
+    })
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON array',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+  DefaultUseAutoGroup: z.boolean(),
+  GroupSpecialUsableGroup: z.string().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const result = validateJsonString(value)
+    if (!result.valid) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: result.message || 'Invalid JSON',
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+})
+
+type ModelFormValues = z.infer<typeof modelSchema>
+type GroupFormValues = z.infer<typeof groupSchema>
+
+type RatioSettingsCardProps = {
+  modelDefaults: ModelFormValues
+  groupDefaults: GroupFormValues
+  toolPricesDefault: string
+}
+
+export function RatioSettingsCard({
+  modelDefaults,
+  groupDefaults,
+  toolPricesDefault,
+}: RatioSettingsCardProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const updateOption = useUpdateOption()
+  const queryClient = useQueryClient()
+  const [confirmOpen, setConfirmOpen] = useState(false)
+
+  const resetMutation = useMutation({
+    mutationFn: resetModelRatios,
+    onSuccess: (data) => {
+      if (data.success) {
+        toast.success(t('Model ratios reset successfully'))
+        queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['system-options'] })
+        setConfirmOpen(false)
+      } else {
+        toast.error(data.message || t('Failed to reset model ratios'))
+      }
+    },
+    onError: (error: Error) => {
+      toast.error(error.message || t('Failed to reset model ratios'))
+    },
+  })
+
+  const modelNormalizedDefaults = useRef({
+    ModelPrice: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.ModelPrice),
+    ModelRatio: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.ModelRatio),
+    CacheRatio: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.CacheRatio),
+    CreateCacheRatio: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.CreateCacheRatio),
+    CompletionRatio: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.CompletionRatio),
+    ImageRatio: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.ImageRatio),
+    AudioRatio: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.AudioRatio),
+    AudioCompletionRatio: normalizeJsonString(
+      modelDefaults.AudioCompletionRatio
+    ),
+    ExposeRatioEnabled: modelDefaults.ExposeRatioEnabled,
+    BillingMode: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.BillingMode),
+    BillingExpr: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.BillingExpr),
+  })
+
+  const groupNormalizedDefaults = useRef({
+    GroupRatio: normalizeJsonString(groupDefaults.GroupRatio),
+    TopupGroupRatio: normalizeJsonString(groupDefaults.TopupGroupRatio),
+    UserUsableGroups: normalizeJsonString(groupDefaults.UserUsableGroups),
+    GroupGroupRatio: normalizeJsonString(groupDefaults.GroupGroupRatio),
+    AutoGroups: normalizeJsonString(groupDefaults.AutoGroups),
+    DefaultUseAutoGroup: groupDefaults.DefaultUseAutoGroup,
+    GroupSpecialUsableGroup: normalizeJsonString(
+      groupDefaults.GroupSpecialUsableGroup
+    ),
+  })
+
+  const modelForm = useForm<ModelFormValues>({
+    resolver: zodResolver(modelSchema),
+    mode: 'onChange',
+    defaultValues: {
+      ...modelDefaults,
+      ModelPrice: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.ModelPrice),
+      ModelRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.ModelRatio),
+      CacheRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.CacheRatio),
+      CreateCacheRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.CreateCacheRatio),
+      CompletionRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.CompletionRatio),
+      ImageRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.ImageRatio),
+      AudioRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.AudioRatio),
+      AudioCompletionRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(
+        modelDefaults.AudioCompletionRatio
+      ),
+      BillingMode: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.BillingMode),
+      BillingExpr: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.BillingExpr),
+    },
+  })
+
+  const groupForm = useForm<GroupFormValues>({
+    resolver: zodResolver(groupSchema),
+    mode: 'onChange',
+    defaultValues: {
+      ...groupDefaults,
+      GroupRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(groupDefaults.GroupRatio),
+      TopupGroupRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(groupDefaults.TopupGroupRatio),
+      UserUsableGroups: formatJsonForTextarea(groupDefaults.UserUsableGroups),
+      GroupGroupRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(groupDefaults.GroupGroupRatio),
+      AutoGroups: formatJsonForTextarea(groupDefaults.AutoGroups),
+      GroupSpecialUsableGroup: formatJsonForTextarea(
+        groupDefaults.GroupSpecialUsableGroup
+      ),
+    },
+  })
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    modelNormalizedDefaults.current = {
+      ModelPrice: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.ModelPrice),
+      ModelRatio: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.ModelRatio),
+      CacheRatio: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.CacheRatio),
+      CreateCacheRatio: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.CreateCacheRatio),
+      CompletionRatio: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.CompletionRatio),
+      ImageRatio: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.ImageRatio),
+      AudioRatio: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.AudioRatio),
+      AudioCompletionRatio: normalizeJsonString(
+        modelDefaults.AudioCompletionRatio
+      ),
+      ExposeRatioEnabled: modelDefaults.ExposeRatioEnabled,
+      BillingMode: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.BillingMode),
+      BillingExpr: normalizeJsonString(modelDefaults.BillingExpr),
+    }
+
+    modelForm.reset({
+      ...modelDefaults,
+      ModelPrice: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.ModelPrice),
+      ModelRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.ModelRatio),
+      CacheRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.CacheRatio),
+      CreateCacheRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.CreateCacheRatio),
+      CompletionRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.CompletionRatio),
+      ImageRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.ImageRatio),
+      AudioRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.AudioRatio),
+      AudioCompletionRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(
+        modelDefaults.AudioCompletionRatio
+      ),
+      BillingMode: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.BillingMode),
+      BillingExpr: formatJsonForTextarea(modelDefaults.BillingExpr),
+    })
+  }, [modelDefaults, modelForm])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    groupNormalizedDefaults.current = {
+      GroupRatio: normalizeJsonString(groupDefaults.GroupRatio),
+      TopupGroupRatio: normalizeJsonString(groupDefaults.TopupGroupRatio),
+      UserUsableGroups: normalizeJsonString(groupDefaults.UserUsableGroups),
+      GroupGroupRatio: normalizeJsonString(groupDefaults.GroupGroupRatio),
+      AutoGroups: normalizeJsonString(groupDefaults.AutoGroups),
+      DefaultUseAutoGroup: groupDefaults.DefaultUseAutoGroup,
+      GroupSpecialUsableGroup: normalizeJsonString(
+        groupDefaults.GroupSpecialUsableGroup
+      ),
+    }
+
+    groupForm.reset({
+      ...groupDefaults,
+      GroupRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(groupDefaults.GroupRatio),
+      TopupGroupRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(groupDefaults.TopupGroupRatio),
+      UserUsableGroups: formatJsonForTextarea(groupDefaults.UserUsableGroups),
+      GroupGroupRatio: formatJsonForTextarea(groupDefaults.GroupGroupRatio),
+      AutoGroups: formatJsonForTextarea(groupDefaults.AutoGroups),
+      GroupSpecialUsableGroup: formatJsonForTextarea(
+        groupDefaults.GroupSpecialUsableGroup
+      ),
+    })
+  }, [groupDefaults, groupForm])
+
+  const saveModelRatios = useCallback(
+    async (values: ModelFormValues) => {
+      const normalized = {
+        ModelPrice: normalizeJsonString(values.ModelPrice),
+        ModelRatio: normalizeJsonString(values.ModelRatio),
+        CacheRatio: normalizeJsonString(values.CacheRatio),
+        CreateCacheRatio: normalizeJsonString(values.CreateCacheRatio),
+        CompletionRatio: normalizeJsonString(values.CompletionRatio),
+        ImageRatio: normalizeJsonString(values.ImageRatio),
+        AudioRatio: normalizeJsonString(values.AudioRatio),
+        AudioCompletionRatio: normalizeJsonString(values.AudioCompletionRatio),
+        ExposeRatioEnabled: values.ExposeRatioEnabled,
+        BillingMode: normalizeJsonString(values.BillingMode),
+        BillingExpr: normalizeJsonString(values.BillingExpr),
+      }
+
+      const apiKeyMap: Record<string, string> = {
+        BillingMode: 'billing_setting.billing_mode',
+        BillingExpr: 'billing_setting.billing_expr',
+      }
+
+      const updates = (
+        Object.keys(normalized) as Array<keyof ModelFormValues>
+      ).filter(
+        (key) => normalized[key] !== modelNormalizedDefaults.current[key]
+      )
+
+      for (const key of updates) {
+        const apiKey = apiKeyMap[key as string] || (key as string)
+        await updateOption.mutateAsync({ key: apiKey, value: normalized[key] })
+      }
+    },
+    [updateOption]
+  )
+
+  const saveGroupRatios = useCallback(
+    async (values: GroupFormValues) => {
+      const normalized = {
+        GroupRatio: normalizeJsonString(values.GroupRatio),
+        TopupGroupRatio: normalizeJsonString(values.TopupGroupRatio),
+        UserUsableGroups: normalizeJsonString(values.UserUsableGroups),
+        GroupGroupRatio: normalizeJsonString(values.GroupGroupRatio),
+        AutoGroups: normalizeJsonString(values.AutoGroups),
+        DefaultUseAutoGroup: values.DefaultUseAutoGroup,
+        GroupSpecialUsableGroup: normalizeJsonString(
+          values.GroupSpecialUsableGroup
+        ),
+      }
+
+      // Map form field names to API keys (most are 1:1, except GroupSpecialUsableGroup)
+      const apiKeyMap: Record<string, string> = {
+        GroupSpecialUsableGroup:
+          'group_ratio_setting.group_special_usable_group',
+      }
+
+      const updates = (
+        Object.keys(normalized) as Array<keyof typeof normalized>
+      ).filter(
+        (key) => normalized[key] !== groupNormalizedDefaults.current[key]
+      )
+
+      for (const key of updates) {
+        const apiKey = apiKeyMap[key] || key
+        await updateOption.mutateAsync({ key: apiKey, value: normalized[key] })
+      }
+    },
+    [updateOption]
+  )
+
+  const handleResetRatios = useCallback(() => {
+    setConfirmOpen(true)
+  }, [])
+
+  const { mutate: resetMutate } = resetMutation
+  const handleConfirmReset = useCallback(() => {
+    resetMutate()
+  }, [resetMutate])
+
+  return (
+    <SettingsSection
+      title={t('Pricing Ratios')}
+      description={t(
+        'Configure model, caching, and group ratios used for billing'
+      )}
+    >
+      <Tabs defaultValue='models' className='space-y-6'>
+        <TabsList className='grid w-full grid-cols-4'>
+          <TabsTrigger value='models'>{t('Model ratios')}</TabsTrigger>
+          <TabsTrigger value='groups'>{t('Group ratios')}</TabsTrigger>
+          <TabsTrigger value='tool-prices'>{t('Tool prices')}</TabsTrigger>
+          <TabsTrigger value='upstream-sync'>
+            {t('Upstream price sync')}
+          </TabsTrigger>
+        </TabsList>
+
+        <TabsContent value='models'>
+          <ModelRatioForm
+            form={modelForm}
+            onSave={saveModelRatios}
+            onReset={handleResetRatios}
+            isSaving={updateOption.isPending}
+            isResetting={resetMutation.isPending}
+          />
+        </TabsContent>
+
+        <TabsContent value='groups'>
+          <GroupRatioForm
+            form={groupForm}
+            onSave={saveGroupRatios}
+            isSaving={updateOption.isPending}
+          />
+        </TabsContent>
+
+        <TabsContent value='tool-prices'>
+          <ToolPriceSettings defaultValue={toolPricesDefault} />
+        </TabsContent>
+
+        <TabsContent value='upstream-sync'>
+          <UpstreamRatioSync
+            modelRatios={{
+              ModelPrice: modelDefaults.ModelPrice,
+              ModelRatio: modelDefaults.ModelRatio,
+              CompletionRatio: modelDefaults.CompletionRatio,
+              CacheRatio: modelDefaults.CacheRatio,
+              CreateCacheRatio: modelDefaults.CreateCacheRatio,
+              ImageRatio: modelDefaults.ImageRatio,
+              AudioRatio: modelDefaults.AudioRatio,
+              AudioCompletionRatio: modelDefaults.AudioCompletionRatio,
+              'billing_setting.billing_mode': modelDefaults.BillingMode,
+              'billing_setting.billing_expr': modelDefaults.BillingExpr,
+            }}
+          />
+        </TabsContent>
+      </Tabs>
+
+      <ConfirmDialog
+        open={confirmOpen}
+        onOpenChange={setConfirmOpen}
+        title={t('Reset all model ratios?')}
+        desc={t(
+          'This will clear custom pricing ratios and revert to upstream defaults.'
+        )}
+        destructive
+        isLoading={resetMutation.isPending}
+        handleConfirm={handleConfirmReset}
+        confirmText={t('Reset')}
+      />
+    </SettingsSection>
+  )
+}

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/section-registry.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+import type { ModelSettings } from '../types'
+import { createSectionRegistry } from '../utils/section-registry'
+import { ClaudeSettingsCard } from './claude-settings-card'
+import { GeminiSettingsCard } from './gemini-settings-card'
+import { GlobalSettingsCard } from './global-settings-card'
+import { GrokSettingsCard } from './grok-settings-card'
+import { RatioSettingsCard } from './ratio-settings-card'
+
+function formatJsonForEditor(value: string, fallback: string) {
+  const raw = (value ?? '').toString().trim()
+  if (!raw) return fallback
+  try {
+    return JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(raw), null, 2)
+  } catch {
+    return fallback
+  }
+}
+
+const MODELS_SECTIONS = [
+  {
+    id: 'global',
+    titleKey: 'Global Model Configuration',
+    descriptionKey: 'Configure global model settings',
+    build: (settings: ModelSettings) => (
+      <GlobalSettingsCard
+        defaultValues={{
+          global: {
+            pass_through_request_enabled:
+              settings['global.pass_through_request_enabled'],
+            thinking_model_blacklist: formatJsonForEditor(
+              settings['global.thinking_model_blacklist'],
+              '[]'
+            ),
+            chat_completions_to_responses_policy: formatJsonForEditor(
+              settings['global.chat_completions_to_responses_policy'],
+              '{}'
+            ),
+          },
+          general_setting: {
+            ping_interval_enabled:
+              settings['general_setting.ping_interval_enabled'],
+            ping_interval_seconds:
+              settings['general_setting.ping_interval_seconds'],
+          },
+        }}
+      />
+    ),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'gemini',
+    titleKey: 'Gemini',
+    descriptionKey: 'Configure Gemini model settings',
+    build: (settings: ModelSettings) => (
+      <GeminiSettingsCard
+        defaultValues={{
+          gemini: {
+            safety_settings: settings['gemini.safety_settings'],
+            version_settings: settings['gemini.version_settings'],
+            supported_imagine_models:
+              settings['gemini.supported_imagine_models'],
+            thinking_adapter_enabled:
+              settings['gemini.thinking_adapter_enabled'],
+            thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage:
+              settings['gemini.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage'],
+            function_call_thought_signature_enabled:
+              settings['gemini.function_call_thought_signature_enabled'],
+            remove_function_response_id_enabled:
+              settings['gemini.remove_function_response_id_enabled'],
+          },
+        }}
+      />
+    ),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'claude',
+    titleKey: 'Claude',
+    descriptionKey: 'Configure Claude model settings',
+    build: (settings: ModelSettings) => (
+      <ClaudeSettingsCard
+        defaultValues={{
+          claude: {
+            model_headers_settings: settings['claude.model_headers_settings'],
+            default_max_tokens: settings['claude.default_max_tokens'],
+            thinking_adapter_enabled:
+              settings['claude.thinking_adapter_enabled'],
+            thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage:
+              settings['claude.thinking_adapter_budget_tokens_percentage'],
+          },
+        }}
+      />
+    ),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'grok',
+    titleKey: 'Grok',
+    descriptionKey: 'Configure xAI Grok model settings',
+    build: (settings: ModelSettings) => (
+      <GrokSettingsCard
+        defaultValues={{
+          'grok.violation_deduction_enabled':
+            settings['grok.violation_deduction_enabled'] ?? true,
+          'grok.violation_deduction_amount':
+            settings['grok.violation_deduction_amount'] ?? 0.05,
+        }}
+      />
+    ),
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'ratio',
+    titleKey: 'Pricing Ratios',
+    descriptionKey: 'Configure model pricing and ratio settings',
+    build: (settings: ModelSettings) => (
+      <RatioSettingsCard
+        modelDefaults={{
+          ModelPrice: settings.ModelPrice,
+          ModelRatio: settings.ModelRatio,
+          CacheRatio: settings.CacheRatio,
+          CreateCacheRatio: settings.CreateCacheRatio,
+          CompletionRatio: settings.CompletionRatio,
+          ImageRatio: settings.ImageRatio,
+          AudioRatio: settings.AudioRatio,
+          AudioCompletionRatio: settings.AudioCompletionRatio,
+          ExposeRatioEnabled: settings.ExposeRatioEnabled,
+          BillingMode: settings['billing_setting.billing_mode'],
+          BillingExpr: settings['billing_setting.billing_expr'],
+        }}
+        toolPricesDefault={settings['tool_price_setting.prices']}
+        groupDefaults={{
+          TopupGroupRatio: settings.TopupGroupRatio,
+          GroupRatio: settings.GroupRatio,
+          UserUsableGroups: settings.UserUsableGroups,
+          GroupGroupRatio: settings.GroupGroupRatio,
+          AutoGroups: settings.AutoGroups,
+          DefaultUseAutoGroup: settings.DefaultUseAutoGroup,
+          GroupSpecialUsableGroup:
+            settings['group_ratio_setting.group_special_usable_group'],
+        }}
+      />
+    ),
+  },
+] as const
+
+export type ModelSectionId = (typeof MODELS_SECTIONS)[number]['id']
+
+const modelsRegistry = createSectionRegistry<ModelSectionId, ModelSettings>({
+  sections: MODELS_SECTIONS,
+  defaultSection: 'global',
+  basePath: '/system-settings/models',
+  urlStyle: 'path',
+})
+
+export const MODELS_SECTION_IDS = modelsRegistry.sectionIds
+export const MODELS_DEFAULT_SECTION = modelsRegistry.defaultSection
+export const getModelsSectionNavItems = modelsRegistry.getSectionNavItems
+export const getModelsSectionContent = modelsRegistry.getSectionContent

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/tool-price-settings.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+import { memo, useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react'
+import { Code2, Copy, Eye, Plus, Trash2 } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { toast } from 'sonner'
+import { Alert, AlertDescription } from '@/components/ui/alert'
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
+import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
+import {
+  Table,
+  TableBody,
+  TableCell,
+  TableHead,
+  TableHeader,
+  TableRow,
+} from '@/components/ui/table'
+import { Textarea } from '@/components/ui/textarea'
+import { useUpdateOption } from '../hooks/use-update-option'
+
+const OPTION_KEY = 'tool_price_setting.prices'
+
+const DEFAULT_PRICES: Record<string, number> = {
+  web_search: 10.0,
+  web_search_preview: 10.0,
+  'web_search_preview:gpt-4o*': 25.0,
+  'web_search_preview:gpt-4.1*': 25.0,
+  'web_search_preview:gpt-4o-mini*': 25.0,
+  'web_search_preview:gpt-4.1-mini*': 25.0,
+  file_search: 2.5,
+  google_search: 14.0,
+}
+
+type ToolPriceRow = {
+  id: number
+  key: string
+  price: number
+}
+
+function rowsToObject(rows: ToolPriceRow[]): Record<string, number> {
+  const prices: Record<string, number> = {}
+  for (const row of rows) {
+    const k = row.key.trim()
+    if (!k) continue
+    prices[k] = Number(row.price) || 0
+  }
+  return prices
+}
+
+function objectToRows(prices: Record<string, number>): ToolPriceRow[] {
+  return Object.entries(prices).map(([key, price], index) => ({
+    id: index + 1,
+    key,
+    price: Number(price) || 0,
+  }))
+}
+
+function parseInitialPrices(
+  rawValue: string | undefined
+): Record<string, number> {
+  if (!rawValue) return { ...DEFAULT_PRICES }
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(rawValue) as unknown
+    if (
+      parsed &&
+      typeof parsed === 'object' &&
+      !Array.isArray(parsed) &&
+      Object.keys(parsed as object).length > 0
+    ) {
+      return parsed as Record<string, number>
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // fall through to defaults
+  }
+  return { ...DEFAULT_PRICES }
+}
+
+type ToolPriceSettingsProps = {
+  defaultValue: string
+}
+
+export const ToolPriceSettings = memo(function ToolPriceSettings({
+  defaultValue,
+}: ToolPriceSettingsProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const updateOption = useUpdateOption()
+  const [editMode, setEditMode] = useState<'visual' | 'json'>('visual')
+  const [rows, setRows] = useState<ToolPriceRow[]>([])
+  const [jsonText, setJsonText] = useState('')
+  const [jsonError, setJsonError] = useState('')
+  const [nextRowId, setNextRowId] = useState(1)
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const prices = parseInitialPrices(defaultValue)
+    const initialRows = objectToRows(prices)
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/set-state-in-effect
+    setRows(initialRows)
+    setJsonText(JSON.stringify(prices, null, 2))
+    setJsonError('')
+    setNextRowId(initialRows.length + 1)
+  }, [defaultValue])
+
+  const currentPrices = useMemo(() => rowsToObject(rows), [rows])
+
+  const syncFromRows = useCallback((nextRows: ToolPriceRow[]) => {
+    setRows(nextRows)
+    setJsonText(JSON.stringify(rowsToObject(nextRows), null, 2))
+    setJsonError('')
+  }, [])
+
+  const handleJsonChange = useCallback(
+    (text: string) => {
+      setJsonText(text)
+      try {
+        const parsed = JSON.parse(text) as unknown
+        if (!parsed || typeof parsed !== 'object' || Array.isArray(parsed)) {
+          setJsonError(t('JSON must be an object'))
+          return
+        }
+        const nextRows = objectToRows(parsed as Record<string, number>)
+        setRows(nextRows)
+        setNextRowId(nextRows.length + 1)
+        setJsonError('')
+      } catch (error) {
+        setJsonError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : t('Invalid JSON'))
+      }
+    },
+    [t]
+  )
+
+  const updateRow = useCallback(
+    (id: number, field: 'key' | 'price', value: string | number) => {
+      syncFromRows(
+        rows.map((r) => (r.id === id ? { ...r, [field]: value } : r))
+      )
+    },
+    [rows, syncFromRows]
+  )
+
+  const addRow = useCallback(() => {
+    const newRow: ToolPriceRow = { id: nextRowId, key: '', price: 0 }
+    setNextRowId((prev) => prev + 1)
+    syncFromRows([...rows, newRow])
+  }, [nextRowId, rows, syncFromRows])
+
+  const removeRow = useCallback(
+    (id: number) => {
+      syncFromRows(rows.filter((r) => r.id !== id))
+    },
+    [rows, syncFromRows]
+  )
+
+  const resetToDefault = useCallback(() => {
+    const initialRows = objectToRows(DEFAULT_PRICES)
+    setRows(initialRows)
+    setJsonText(JSON.stringify(DEFAULT_PRICES, null, 2))
+    setJsonError('')
+    setNextRowId(initialRows.length + 1)
+  }, [])
+
+  const handleCopyJson = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      await navigator.clipboard.writeText(jsonText)
+      toast.success(t('Copied to clipboard'))
+    } catch {
+      toast.error(t('Failed to copy'))
+    }
+  }, [jsonText, t])
+
+  const handleSave = useCallback(async () => {
+    if (editMode === 'json' && jsonError) {
+      toast.error(t('Please fix JSON errors before saving'))
+      return
+    }
+    await updateOption.mutateAsync({
+      key: OPTION_KEY,
+      value: JSON.stringify(currentPrices),
+    })
+  }, [currentPrices, editMode, jsonError, t, updateOption])
+
+  const toggleEditMode = useCallback(() => {
+    setEditMode((prev) => (prev === 'visual' ? 'json' : 'visual'))
+  }, [])
+
+  return (
+    <div className='space-y-4'>
+      <Alert>
+        <AlertDescription className='space-y-1 text-sm'>
+          <div>
+            {t(
+              'Configure per-tool unit prices ($/1K calls). Per-request models do not incur additional tool fees.'
+            )}
+          </div>
+          <div>
+            <span className='font-medium'>{t('Format')}:</span>{' '}
+            <code className='bg-muted rounded px-1 py-0.5 text-xs'>
+              web_search_preview
+            </code>{' '}
+            {t('is the default price; ')}
+            <code className='bg-muted rounded px-1 py-0.5 text-xs'>
+              web_search_preview:gpt-4o*
+            </code>{' '}
+            {t('overrides for matching model prefix.')}
+          </div>
+        </AlertDescription>
+      </Alert>
+
+      <div className='flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-2'>
+        <div className='flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2'>
+          {editMode === 'visual' ? (
+            <>
+              <Button variant='outline' size='sm' onClick={addRow}>
+                <Plus className='mr-2 h-4 w-4' />
+                {t('Add')}
+              </Button>
+              <Button variant='ghost' size='sm' onClick={resetToDefault}>
+                {t('Restore defaults')}
+              </Button>
+            </>
+          ) : (
+            <>
+              <Button variant='ghost' size='sm' onClick={handleCopyJson}>
+                <Copy className='mr-2 h-4 w-4' />
+                {t('Copy')}
+              </Button>
+              <Button variant='ghost' size='sm' onClick={resetToDefault}>
+                {t('Restore defaults')}
+              </Button>
+            </>
+          )}
+        </div>
+        <Button variant='outline' size='sm' onClick={toggleEditMode}>
+          {editMode === 'visual' ? (
+            <>
+              <Code2 className='mr-2 h-4 w-4' />
+              {t('Switch to JSON')}
+            </>
+          ) : (
+            <>
+              <Eye className='mr-2 h-4 w-4' />
+              {t('Switch to Visual')}
+            </>
+          )}
+        </Button>
+      </div>
+
+      {editMode === 'visual' ? (
+        <div className='overflow-hidden rounded-md border'>
+          <Table>
+            <TableHeader>
+              <TableRow>
+                <TableHead>{t('Tool identifier')}</TableHead>
+                <TableHead className='w-[200px]'>
+                  {t('Price ($/1K calls)')}
+                </TableHead>
+                <TableHead className='w-[80px] text-right'>
+                  {t('Actions')}
+                </TableHead>
+              </TableRow>
+            </TableHeader>
+            <TableBody>
+              {rows.length === 0 ? (
+                <TableRow>
+                  <TableCell
+                    colSpan={3}
+                    className='text-muted-foreground py-8 text-center'
+                  >
+                    {t('No tools configured')}
+                  </TableCell>
+                </TableRow>
+              ) : (
+                rows.map((row) => (
+                  <TableRow key={row.id}>
+                    <TableCell>
+                      <Input
+                        value={row.key}
+                        placeholder='web_search_preview:gpt-4o*'
+                        onChange={(e) =>
+                          updateRow(row.id, 'key', e.target.value)
+                        }
+                      />
+                    </TableCell>
+                    <TableCell>
+                      <Input
+                        type='number'
+                        min={0}
+                        step={0.5}
+                        value={row.price}
+                        onChange={(e) =>
+                          updateRow(
+                            row.id,
+                            'price',
+                            Number(e.target.value) || 0
+                          )
+                        }
+                      />
+                    </TableCell>
+                    <TableCell className='text-right'>
+                      <Button
+                        variant='ghost'
+                        size='icon'
+                        onClick={() => removeRow(row.id)}
+                        aria-label={t('Delete')}
+                      >
+                        <Trash2 className='text-destructive h-4 w-4' />
+                      </Button>
+                    </TableCell>
+                  </TableRow>
+                ))
+              )}
+            </TableBody>
+          </Table>
+        </div>
+      ) : (
+        <div className='space-y-2'>
+          <Textarea
+            value={jsonText}
+            onChange={(e) => handleJsonChange(e.target.value)}
+            className='font-mono text-sm'
+            rows={12}
+            spellCheck={false}
+          />
+          {jsonError && <p className='text-destructive text-sm'>{jsonError}</p>}
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      <div className='flex justify-end'>
+        <Button
+          onClick={handleSave}
+          disabled={
+            updateOption.isPending || (editMode === 'json' && !!jsonError)
+          }
+        >
+          {t('Save tool prices')}
+        </Button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+})

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/upstream-ratio-sync-columns.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+import { useMemo } from 'react'
+import { type ColumnDef } from '@tanstack/react-table'
+import { AlertTriangle } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { Checkbox } from '@/components/ui/checkbox'
+import {
+  Tooltip,
+  TooltipContent,
+  TooltipProvider,
+  TooltipTrigger,
+} from '@/components/ui/tooltip'
+import { StatusBadge } from '@/components/status-badge'
+import type { RatioType } from '../types'
+import {
+  getOrderedRatioTypes,
+  getPreferredSyncField,
+  getSyncFieldLabel,
+  isSelectableUpstreamValue,
+  type ModelRow,
+  type ResolutionsMap,
+} from './upstream-ratio-sync-helpers'
+
+export function useUpstreamRatioSyncColumns(
+  upstreamNames: string[],
+  resolutions: ResolutionsMap,
+  ratioTypeFilter: string,
+  isDisabled: boolean,
+  onSelectValue: (
+    model: string,
+    ratioType: RatioType,
+    value: number | string,
+    sourceName: string
+  ) => void,
+  onUnselectValue: (model: string, ratioType: RatioType) => void,
+  onBulkSelect: (upstreamName: string, rows: ModelRow[]) => void,
+  onBulkUnselect: (upstreamName: string, rows: ModelRow[]) => void
+): ColumnDef<ModelRow>[] {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+
+  return useMemo<ColumnDef<ModelRow>[]>(() => {
+    const baseColumns: ColumnDef<ModelRow>[] = [
+      {
+        accessorKey: 'model',
+        header: t('Model'),
+        cell: ({ row }) => {
+          const model = row.original.model
+          return (
+            <div className='flex min-w-[180px] items-center gap-2'>
+              <span className='font-medium'>{model}</span>
+              {row.original.billingConflict && (
+                <TooltipProvider>
+                  <Tooltip>
+                    <TooltipTrigger>
+                      <AlertTriangle className='h-3.5 w-3.5 shrink-0 text-amber-500' />
+                    </TooltipTrigger>
+                    <TooltipContent>
+                      <p>
+                        {t(
+                          'This model has both fixed price and ratio billing conflicts'
+                        )}
+                      </p>
+                    </TooltipContent>
+                  </Tooltip>
+                </TooltipProvider>
+              )}
+            </div>
+          )
+        },
+      },
+      {
+        id: 'current',
+        header: t('Current Price'),
+        cell: ({ row }) => {
+          const fields = getOrderedRatioTypes(
+            row.original.ratioTypes,
+            ratioTypeFilter
+          )
+          return (
+            <div className='flex min-w-[260px] flex-col gap-2'>
+              {fields.map((ratioType) => {
+                const current = row.original.ratioTypes[ratioType]?.current
+                return (
+                  <div
+                    key={ratioType}
+                    className='flex min-w-0 flex-wrap items-center gap-2'
+                  >
+                    <StatusBadge
+                      label={getSyncFieldLabel(ratioType, t)}
+                      autoColor={ratioType}
+                      size='sm'
+                      copyable={false}
+                    />
+                    {current === null || current === undefined ? (
+                      <StatusBadge
+                        label={t('Not Set')}
+                        variant='neutral'
+                        size='sm'
+                        copyable={false}
+                      />
+                    ) : (
+                      <TooltipProvider>
+                        <Tooltip>
+                          <TooltipTrigger asChild>
+                            <StatusBadge
+                              label={String(current)}
+                              variant='info'
+                              size='sm'
+                              className='max-w-[200px] truncate'
+                            />
+                          </TooltipTrigger>
+                          <TooltipContent>
+                            <p className='max-w-xs text-xs break-all'>
+                              {String(current)}
+                            </p>
+                          </TooltipContent>
+                        </Tooltip>
+                      </TooltipProvider>
+                    )}
+                  </div>
+                )
+              })}
+            </div>
+          )
+        },
+      },
+    ]
+
+    const upstreamColumns: ColumnDef<ModelRow>[] = upstreamNames.map(
+      (upstreamName) => ({
+        id: `upstream_${upstreamName}`,
+        header: ({ table }) => {
+          const rows = table.getFilteredRowModel().rows.map((r) => r.original)
+
+          let selectableCount = 0
+          let selectedCount = 0
+
+          rows.forEach((row) => {
+            getOrderedRatioTypes(row.ratioTypes, ratioTypeFilter).forEach(
+              (ratioType) => {
+                const upstreamVal =
+                  row.ratioTypes[ratioType]?.upstreams?.[upstreamName]
+                const preferredField = getPreferredSyncField(
+                  row.ratioTypes,
+                  ratioType,
+                  upstreamName
+                )
+                if (
+                  preferredField === ratioType &&
+                  isSelectableUpstreamValue(upstreamVal)
+                ) {
+                  selectableCount++
+                  if (resolutions[row.model]?.[ratioType] === upstreamVal) {
+                    selectedCount++
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            )
+          })
+
+          const allSelected =
+            selectableCount > 0 && selectedCount === selectableCount
+          const someSelected =
+            selectedCount > 0 && selectedCount < selectableCount
+          let checkboxState: boolean | 'indeterminate' = false
+          if (allSelected) checkboxState = true
+          else if (someSelected) checkboxState = 'indeterminate'
+
+          return (
+            <div className='flex items-center gap-2'>
+              {selectableCount > 0 && (
+                <Checkbox
+                  checked={checkboxState}
+                  disabled={isDisabled}
+                  onCheckedChange={(checked) => {
+                    if (checked) {
+                      onBulkSelect(upstreamName, rows)
+                    } else {
+                      onBulkUnselect(upstreamName, rows)
+                    }
+                  }}
+                />
+              )}
+              <span className='font-medium'>{upstreamName}</span>
+            </div>
+          )
+        },
+        cell: ({ row }) => {
+          const fields = getOrderedRatioTypes(
+            row.original.ratioTypes,
+            ratioTypeFilter
+          ).filter(
+            (ratioType) =>
+              getPreferredSyncField(
+                row.original.ratioTypes,
+                ratioType,
+                upstreamName
+              ) === ratioType
+          )
+
+          return (
+            <div className='flex min-w-[280px] flex-col gap-2'>
+              {fields.map((ratioType) => {
+                const diff = row.original.ratioTypes[ratioType]
+                const upstreamVal = diff?.upstreams?.[upstreamName]
+                const isConfident = diff?.confidence?.[upstreamName] !== false
+
+                return (
+                  <div
+                    key={ratioType}
+                    className='flex min-w-0 items-start gap-2'
+                  >
+                    <StatusBadge
+                      label={getSyncFieldLabel(ratioType, t)}
+                      autoColor={ratioType}
+                      size='sm'
+                      copyable={false}
+                      className='shrink-0'
+                    />
+                    <div className='min-w-0 flex-1'>
+                      {renderUpstreamValue({
+                        upstreamVal,
+                        isConfident,
+                        isSelected:
+                          resolutions[row.original.model]?.[ratioType] ===
+                          upstreamVal,
+                        isDisabled,
+                        t,
+                        onSelect: () =>
+                          onSelectValue(
+                            row.original.model,
+                            ratioType,
+                            upstreamVal as number | string,
+                            upstreamName
+                          ),
+                        onUnselect: () =>
+                          onUnselectValue(row.original.model, ratioType),
+                      })}
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                )
+              })}
+            </div>
+          )
+        },
+      })
+    )
+
+    return [...baseColumns, ...upstreamColumns]
+  }, [
+    upstreamNames,
+    resolutions,
+    ratioTypeFilter,
+    isDisabled,
+    onSelectValue,
+    onUnselectValue,
+    onBulkSelect,
+    onBulkUnselect,
+    t,
+  ])
+}
+
+type RenderUpstreamValueArgs = {
+  upstreamVal: number | string | 'same' | null | undefined
+  isConfident: boolean
+  isSelected: boolean
+  isDisabled: boolean
+  t: (key: string) => string
+  onSelect: () => void
+  onUnselect: () => void
+}
+
+function renderUpstreamValue(args: RenderUpstreamValueArgs) {
+  const { upstreamVal, isConfident, isSelected, isDisabled, t } = args
+
+  if (upstreamVal === null || upstreamVal === undefined) {
+    return (
+      <StatusBadge
+        label={t('Not Set')}
+        variant='neutral'
+        size='sm'
+        copyable={false}
+      />
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (upstreamVal === 'same') {
+    return (
+      <StatusBadge
+        label={t('Same as Local')}
+        variant='info'
+        size='sm'
+        copyable={false}
+      />
+    )
+  }
+
+  const text = String(upstreamVal)
+
+  return (
+    <div className='flex min-w-0 items-center gap-2'>
+      <Checkbox
+        checked={isSelected}
+        disabled={isDisabled}
+        onCheckedChange={(checked) => {
+          if (checked) {
+            args.onSelect()
+          } else {
+            args.onUnselect()
+          }
+        }}
+      />
+      <TooltipProvider>
+        <Tooltip>
+          <TooltipTrigger asChild>
+            <span className='inline-block max-w-[240px] cursor-default truncate font-mono text-sm'>
+              {text}
+            </span>
+          </TooltipTrigger>
+          <TooltipContent>
+            <p className='max-w-xs text-xs break-all'>{text}</p>
+          </TooltipContent>
+        </Tooltip>
+      </TooltipProvider>
+      {!isConfident && (
+        <TooltipProvider>
+          <Tooltip>
+            <TooltipTrigger>
+              <AlertTriangle className='h-3.5 w-3.5 shrink-0 text-amber-500' />
+            </TooltipTrigger>
+            <TooltipContent>
+              <p>{t('This data may be unreliable, use with caution')}</p>
+            </TooltipContent>
+          </Tooltip>
+        </TooltipProvider>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  )
+}

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/upstream-ratio-sync-helpers.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import type { RatioType } from '../types'
+import { RATIO_TYPE_OPTIONS } from './constants'
+
+export type RatioDifferenceEntry = {
+  current: number | string | null
+  upstreams: Record<string, number | string | 'same'>
+  confidence: Record<string, boolean>
+}
+
+export type ModelRow = {
+  key: string
+  model: string
+  ratioTypes: Partial<Record<RatioType, RatioDifferenceEntry>>
+  billingConflict: boolean
+}
+
+export type ResolutionsMap = Record<string, Record<string, number | string>>
+
+export const RATIO_SYNC_FIELDS: RatioType[] = [
+  'model_ratio',
+  'completion_ratio',
+  'cache_ratio',
+  'create_cache_ratio',
+  'image_ratio',
+  'audio_ratio',
+  'audio_completion_ratio',
+]
+
+export const SYNC_FIELD_ORDER: RatioType[] = [
+  ...RATIO_SYNC_FIELDS,
+  'model_price',
+  'billing_mode',
+  'billing_expr',
+]
+
+export const NUMERIC_SYNC_FIELDS = new Set<string>([
+  ...RATIO_SYNC_FIELDS,
+  'model_price',
+])
+
+export function getSyncFieldLabel(
+  ratioType: string,
+  t: (key: string) => string
+): string {
+  const opt = RATIO_TYPE_OPTIONS.find((o) => o.value === ratioType)
+  if (opt) return t(opt.label)
+  return ratioType
+}
+
+export function getOrderedRatioTypes(
+  ratioTypes: Partial<Record<RatioType, RatioDifferenceEntry>>,
+  filter?: string
+): RatioType[] {
+  const keys = Object.keys(ratioTypes) as RatioType[]
+  const ordered = [
+    ...SYNC_FIELD_ORDER.filter((f) => keys.includes(f)),
+    ...keys.filter((f) => !SYNC_FIELD_ORDER.includes(f)),
+  ]
+  if (!filter || filter === '__all__') return ordered
+  return ordered.filter((f) => f === filter)
+}
+
+export function getPreferredSyncField(
+  ratioTypes: Partial<Record<RatioType, RatioDifferenceEntry>>,
+  ratioType: RatioType,
+  sourceName: string
+): RatioType {
+  const exprValue = ratioTypes.billing_expr?.upstreams?.[sourceName]
+  if (
+    ratioType !== 'billing_expr' &&
+    exprValue !== null &&
+    exprValue !== undefined &&
+    exprValue !== 'same'
+  ) {
+    return 'billing_expr'
+  }
+  return ratioType
+}
+
+export function isSelectableUpstreamValue(
+  value: number | string | 'same' | null | undefined
+): boolean {
+  return value !== null && value !== undefined && value !== 'same'
+}

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/upstream-ratio-sync-table.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+import { useCallback, useMemo, useState } from 'react'
+import {
+  flexRender,
+  getCoreRowModel,
+  getPaginationRowModel,
+  useReactTable,
+} from '@tanstack/react-table'
+import { Loader2, Search } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
+import {
+  Select,
+  SelectContent,
+  SelectItem,
+  SelectTrigger,
+  SelectValue,
+} from '@/components/ui/select'
+import {
+  Table,
+  TableBody,
+  TableCell,
+  TableHead,
+  TableHeader,
+  TableRow,
+} from '@/components/ui/table'
+import { DataTablePagination } from '@/components/data-table/pagination'
+import type { DifferencesMap, RatioType } from '../types'
+import { RATIO_TYPE_OPTIONS } from './constants'
+import { useUpstreamRatioSyncColumns } from './upstream-ratio-sync-columns'
+import {
+  getOrderedRatioTypes,
+  getPreferredSyncField,
+  isSelectableUpstreamValue,
+  RATIO_SYNC_FIELDS,
+  type ModelRow,
+  type ResolutionsMap,
+} from './upstream-ratio-sync-helpers'
+
+type UpstreamRatioSyncTableProps = {
+  differences: DifferencesMap
+  resolutions: ResolutionsMap
+  isDisabled: boolean
+  isSyncing: boolean
+  onSelectValue: (
+    model: string,
+    ratioType: RatioType,
+    value: number | string,
+    sourceName: string
+  ) => void
+  onUnselectValue: (model: string, ratioType: RatioType) => void
+}
+
+export function UpstreamRatioSyncTable({
+  differences,
+  resolutions,
+  isDisabled,
+  isSyncing,
+  onSelectValue,
+  onUnselectValue,
+}: UpstreamRatioSyncTableProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const [search, setSearch] = useState('')
+  const [ratioTypeFilter, setRatioTypeFilter] = useState<string>('')
+
+  const dataSource = useMemo<ModelRow[]>(() => {
+    return Object.entries(differences).map(([model, ratioTypes]) => {
+      const hasPrice = 'model_price' in ratioTypes
+      const hasOtherRatio = RATIO_SYNC_FIELDS.some((rt) => rt in ratioTypes)
+      return {
+        key: model,
+        model,
+        ratioTypes,
+        billingConflict: hasPrice && hasOtherRatio,
+      }
+    })
+  }, [differences])
+
+  const filteredData = useMemo(() => {
+    let data = dataSource
+
+    if (search.trim()) {
+      const lower = search.toLowerCase()
+      data = data.filter((row) => row.model.toLowerCase().includes(lower))
+    }
+
+    if (ratioTypeFilter && ratioTypeFilter !== '__all__') {
+      data = data.filter((row) => ratioTypeFilter in row.ratioTypes)
+    }
+
+    return data
+  }, [dataSource, search, ratioTypeFilter])
+
+  const upstreamNames = useMemo(() => {
+    const set = new Set<string>()
+    filteredData.forEach((row) => {
+      getOrderedRatioTypes(row.ratioTypes, ratioTypeFilter).forEach(
+        (ratioType) => {
+          Object.keys(row.ratioTypes[ratioType]?.upstreams || {}).forEach(
+            (name) => set.add(name)
+          )
+        }
+      )
+    })
+    return Array.from(set)
+  }, [filteredData, ratioTypeFilter])
+
+  const handleBulkSelect = useCallback(
+    (upstream: string, rows: ModelRow[]) => {
+      rows.forEach((row) => {
+        getOrderedRatioTypes(row.ratioTypes, ratioTypeFilter).forEach(
+          (ratioType) => {
+            const upstreamVal = row.ratioTypes[ratioType]?.upstreams?.[upstream]
+            const preferredField = getPreferredSyncField(
+              row.ratioTypes,
+              ratioType,
+              upstream
+            )
+            if (
+              preferredField === ratioType &&
+              isSelectableUpstreamValue(upstreamVal)
+            ) {
+              onSelectValue(
+                row.model,
+                ratioType,
+                upstreamVal as number | string,
+                upstream
+              )
+            }
+          }
+        )
+      })
+    },
+    [ratioTypeFilter, onSelectValue]
+  )
+
+  const handleBulkUnselect = useCallback(
+    (upstream: string, rows: ModelRow[]) => {
+      rows.forEach((row) => {
+        getOrderedRatioTypes(row.ratioTypes, ratioTypeFilter).forEach(
+          (ratioType) => {
+            if (
+              row.ratioTypes[ratioType]?.upstreams?.[upstream] !== undefined
+            ) {
+              onUnselectValue(row.model, ratioType)
+            }
+          }
+        )
+      })
+    },
+    [ratioTypeFilter, onUnselectValue]
+  )
+
+  const columns = useUpstreamRatioSyncColumns(
+    upstreamNames,
+    resolutions,
+    ratioTypeFilter,
+    isDisabled,
+    onSelectValue,
+    onUnselectValue,
+    handleBulkSelect,
+    handleBulkUnselect
+  )
+
+  const table = useReactTable({
+    data: filteredData,
+    columns,
+    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
+    getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
+    getRowId: (row) => row.key,
+    initialState: {
+      pagination: { pageSize: 10 },
+    },
+  })
+
+  if (dataSource.length === 0) {
+    if (isSyncing) {
+      return (
+        <div className='flex h-64 flex-col items-center justify-center gap-3 rounded-md border'>
+          <Loader2 className='text-muted-foreground h-8 w-8 animate-spin' />
+          <p className='text-muted-foreground text-sm'>
+            {t('Fetching upstream prices...')}
+          </p>
+        </div>
+      )
+    }
+
+    return (
+      <div className='flex h-64 items-center justify-center rounded-md border'>
+        <div className='text-center'>
+          <p className='text-muted-foreground text-sm'>
+            {t('No upstream price differences found')}
+          </p>
+          <p className='text-muted-foreground mt-1 text-xs'>
+            {t('Select sync channels to compare prices')}
+          </p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    )
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className='space-y-4'>
+      <div className='flex flex-col gap-2 sm:flex-row sm:items-center'>
+        <div className='relative flex-1'>
+          <Search className='text-muted-foreground absolute top-1/2 left-2 h-4 w-4 -translate-y-1/2' />
+          <Input
+            placeholder={t('Search model name...')}
+            value={search}
+            onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)}
+            disabled={isDisabled}
+            className='ps-8'
+          />
+        </div>
+        <Select
+          value={ratioTypeFilter}
+          onValueChange={setRatioTypeFilter}
+          disabled={isDisabled}
+        >
+          <SelectTrigger className='w-full sm:w-56'>
+            <SelectValue placeholder={t('Filter by price field')} />
+          </SelectTrigger>
+          <SelectContent>
+            <SelectItem value='__all__'>{t('All Types')}</SelectItem>
+            {RATIO_TYPE_OPTIONS.map((option) => (
+              <SelectItem key={option.value} value={option.value}>
+                {t(option.label)}
+              </SelectItem>
+            ))}
+          </SelectContent>
+        </Select>
+      </div>
+
+      <div className='overflow-hidden rounded-md border'>
+        <div className='overflow-x-auto'>
+          <Table>
+            <TableHeader>
+              {table.getHeaderGroups().map((headerGroup) => (
+                <TableRow key={headerGroup.id}>
+                  {headerGroup.headers.map((header) => (
+                    <TableHead key={header.id} className='align-top'>
+                      {header.isPlaceholder
+                        ? null
+                        : flexRender(
+                            header.column.columnDef.header,
+                            header.getContext()
+                          )}
+                    </TableHead>
+                  ))}
+                </TableRow>
+              ))}
+            </TableHeader>
+            <TableBody>
+              {table.getRowModel().rows.length > 0 ? (
+                table.getRowModel().rows.map((row) => (
+                  <TableRow key={row.id} className='align-top'>
+                    {row.getVisibleCells().map((cell) => (
+                      <TableCell key={cell.id} className='align-top'>
+                        {flexRender(
+                          cell.column.columnDef.cell,
+                          cell.getContext()
+                        )}
+                      </TableCell>
+                    ))}
+                  </TableRow>
+                ))
+              ) : (
+                <TableRow>
+                  <TableCell
+                    colSpan={columns.length}
+                    className='h-24 text-center'
+                  >
+                    {t('No results found')}
+                  </TableCell>
+                </TableRow>
+              )}
+            </TableBody>
+          </Table>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <DataTablePagination table={table} />
+    </div>
+  )
+}

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/upstream-ratio-sync.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,552 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react'
+import { useMutation, useQuery, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query'
+import { CheckSquare, RefreshCcw } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { toast } from 'sonner'
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
+import {
+  fetchUpstreamRatios,
+  getUpstreamChannels,
+  updateSystemOption,
+} from '../api'
+import type {
+  DifferencesMap,
+  RatioType,
+  UpstreamChannel,
+  UpstreamConfig,
+} from '../types'
+import { ChannelSelectorDialog } from './channel-selector-dialog'
+import {
+  ConflictConfirmDialog,
+  type ConflictItem,
+} from './conflict-confirm-dialog'
+import {
+  DEFAULT_ENDPOINT,
+  MODELS_DEV_PRESET_ENDPOINT,
+  MODELS_DEV_PRESET_ID,
+  OFFICIAL_CHANNEL_ENDPOINT,
+  OFFICIAL_CHANNEL_ID,
+  OPENROUTER_CHANNEL_TYPE,
+  OPENROUTER_ENDPOINT,
+} from './constants'
+import {
+  NUMERIC_SYNC_FIELDS,
+  RATIO_SYNC_FIELDS,
+  getPreferredSyncField,
+  type ResolutionsMap,
+} from './upstream-ratio-sync-helpers'
+import { UpstreamRatioSyncTable } from './upstream-ratio-sync-table'
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Types
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type UpstreamRatioSyncProps = {
+  modelRatios: {
+    ModelPrice: string
+    ModelRatio: string
+    CompletionRatio: string
+    CacheRatio: string
+    CreateCacheRatio: string
+    ImageRatio: string
+    AudioRatio: string
+    AudioCompletionRatio: string
+    'billing_setting.billing_mode': string
+    'billing_setting.billing_expr': string
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// The two synthesized presets always carry stable negative IDs assigned by
+// `controller/ratio_sync.go`; matching by ID alone is sufficient and avoids
+// fragile name/base_url comparisons.
+function getDefaultEndpointForChannel(channel: UpstreamChannel): string {
+  if (channel.id === MODELS_DEV_PRESET_ID) return MODELS_DEV_PRESET_ENDPOINT
+  if (channel.id === OFFICIAL_CHANNEL_ID) return OFFICIAL_CHANNEL_ENDPOINT
+  if (channel.type === OPENROUTER_CHANNEL_TYPE) return OPENROUTER_ENDPOINT
+  return DEFAULT_ENDPOINT
+}
+
+function getBillingCategory(ratioType: string): 'price' | 'ratio' | 'tiered' {
+  if (ratioType === 'model_price') return 'price'
+  if (ratioType === 'billing_mode' || ratioType === 'billing_expr')
+    return 'tiered'
+  return 'ratio'
+}
+
+function optionKeyBySyncField(ratioType: string): string {
+  const explicit: Record<string, string> = {
+    billing_mode: 'billing_setting.billing_mode',
+    billing_expr: 'billing_setting.billing_expr',
+  }
+  if (explicit[ratioType]) return explicit[ratioType]
+  return ratioType
+    .split('_')
+    .map((word) => word.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + word.slice(1))
+    .join('')
+}
+
+function parseJsonRecord<T>(raw: string | undefined | null): Record<string, T> {
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(raw || '{}') as Record<string, T>
+  } catch {
+    return {}
+  }
+}
+
+function deleteResolutionField(
+  res: ResolutionsMap,
+  model: string,
+  ratioType: string
+): ResolutionsMap {
+  if (!res[model]) return res
+  const newModelRes = { ...res[model] }
+  delete newModelRes[ratioType]
+  if (ratioType === 'billing_expr') delete newModelRes['billing_mode']
+  if (ratioType === 'billing_mode') delete newModelRes['billing_expr']
+  const next = { ...res }
+  if (Object.keys(newModelRes).length === 0) {
+    delete next[model]
+  } else {
+    next[model] = newModelRes
+  }
+  return next
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Component
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export function UpstreamRatioSync({ modelRatios }: UpstreamRatioSyncProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const queryClient = useQueryClient()
+
+  const [channelDialogOpen, setChannelDialogOpen] = useState(false)
+  const [conflictDialogOpen, setConflictDialogOpen] = useState(false)
+  const [selectedChannelIds, setSelectedChannelIds] = useState<number[]>([])
+  const [channelEndpoints, setChannelEndpoints] = useState<
+    Record<number, string>
+  >({})
+  const [differences, setDifferences] = useState<DifferencesMap>({})
+  const [resolutions, setResolutions] = useState<ResolutionsMap>({})
+  const [conflictItems, setConflictItems] = useState<ConflictItem[]>([])
+  const [confirmLoading, setConfirmLoading] = useState(false)
+
+  const { data: channelsData } = useQuery({
+    queryKey: ['upstream-channels'],
+    queryFn: getUpstreamChannels,
+    enabled: channelDialogOpen,
+  })
+
+  // Memoize the channels list so the effect below only re-runs when the query
+  // data actually changes, instead of on every render (the `|| []` fallback
+  // would otherwise produce a new array reference each render).
+  const channels = useMemo(() => channelsData?.data ?? [], [channelsData?.data])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (channels.length === 0) return
+    setChannelEndpoints((prev) => {
+      let mutated = false
+      const next = { ...prev }
+      for (const channel of channels) {
+        if (!next[channel.id]) {
+          next[channel.id] = getDefaultEndpointForChannel(channel)
+          mutated = true
+        }
+      }
+      return mutated ? next : prev
+    })
+  }, [channels])
+
+  const fetchMutation = useMutation({
+    mutationFn: fetchUpstreamRatios,
+    onSuccess: (data) => {
+      if (!data.success) {
+        toast.error(data.message || t('Failed to fetch upstream prices'))
+        return
+      }
+
+      const { differences: diffs, test_results } = data.data
+
+      const errorResults = test_results.filter((r) => r.status === 'error')
+      if (errorResults.length > 0) {
+        const errorMsg = errorResults
+          .map((r) => `${r.name}: ${r.error}`)
+          .join(', ')
+        toast.warning(t('Some channels failed: {{errorMsg}}', { errorMsg }))
+      }
+
+      setDifferences(diffs)
+      setResolutions({})
+
+      if (Object.keys(diffs).length === 0) {
+        toast.success(t('No price differences found'))
+      } else {
+        toast.success(t('Upstream prices fetched successfully'))
+      }
+    },
+    onError: (error: Error) => {
+      toast.error(error.message || t('Failed to fetch upstream prices'))
+    },
+  })
+
+  const { mutate: syncMutate, isPending: isSyncPending } = useMutation({
+    mutationFn: async (updates: Array<{ key: string; value: string }>) => {
+      for (const update of updates) {
+        await updateSystemOption(update)
+      }
+    },
+    onSuccess: () => {
+      toast.success(t('Prices synced successfully'))
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['system-options'] })
+
+      setDifferences((prevDiffs) => {
+        const newDiffs = { ...prevDiffs }
+        Object.entries(resolutions).forEach(([model, ratios]) => {
+          Object.keys(ratios).forEach((ratioType) => {
+            if (newDiffs[model]?.[ratioType as RatioType]) {
+              delete newDiffs[model][ratioType as RatioType]
+              if (Object.keys(newDiffs[model]).length === 0) {
+                delete newDiffs[model]
+              }
+            }
+          })
+        })
+        return newDiffs
+      })
+
+      setResolutions({})
+    },
+    onError: (error: Error) => {
+      toast.error(error.message || t('Failed to sync prices'))
+    },
+  })
+
+  const handleOpenChannelDialog = () => {
+    setChannelDialogOpen(true)
+  }
+
+  const handleConfirmChannelSelection = (selectedIds: number[]) => {
+    const selectedChannels = channels.filter((ch) =>
+      selectedIds.includes(ch.id)
+    )
+
+    if (selectedChannels.length === 0) {
+      toast.warning(t('Please select at least one channel'))
+      return
+    }
+
+    const upstreams: UpstreamConfig[] = selectedChannels.map((ch) => ({
+      id: ch.id,
+      name: ch.name,
+      base_url: ch.base_url,
+      endpoint: channelEndpoints[ch.id] || DEFAULT_ENDPOINT,
+    }))
+
+    fetchMutation.mutate({ upstreams, timeout: 10 })
+  }
+
+  const handleSelectValue = useCallback(
+    (
+      model: string,
+      ratioType: RatioType,
+      value: number | string,
+      sourceName: string
+    ) => {
+      const modelDiffs = differences[model]
+
+      // Prefer billing_expr over individual ratio fields when available
+      const preferredType = sourceName
+        ? getPreferredSyncField(modelDiffs || {}, ratioType, sourceName)
+        : ratioType
+      const preferredValue =
+        preferredType === ratioType
+          ? value
+          : (modelDiffs?.[preferredType]?.upstreams?.[sourceName] ?? value)
+
+      const finalType = preferredType
+      const finalValue = preferredValue as number | string
+      const category = getBillingCategory(finalType)
+
+      setResolutions((prev) => {
+        const newModelRes = { ...(prev[model] || {}) }
+
+        // Clear conflicting categories
+        Object.keys(newModelRes).forEach((rt) => {
+          if (
+            category !== 'tiered' &&
+            getBillingCategory(rt) !== 'tiered' &&
+            getBillingCategory(rt) !== category
+          ) {
+            delete newModelRes[rt]
+          }
+        })
+
+        newModelRes[finalType] = finalValue
+
+        // When selecting a tiered field, auto-populate paired fields from the same source
+        if (category === 'tiered' && sourceName && modelDiffs) {
+          const modeVal = modelDiffs.billing_mode?.upstreams?.[sourceName]
+          const exprVal = modelDiffs.billing_expr?.upstreams?.[sourceName]
+          if (modeVal !== undefined && modeVal !== null && modeVal !== 'same') {
+            newModelRes['billing_mode'] = modeVal
+          } else if (finalType === 'billing_expr') {
+            newModelRes['billing_mode'] = 'tiered_expr'
+          }
+          if (exprVal !== undefined && exprVal !== null && exprVal !== 'same') {
+            newModelRes['billing_expr'] = exprVal
+          }
+        }
+
+        return { ...prev, [model]: newModelRes }
+      })
+    },
+    [differences]
+  )
+
+  const handleUnselectValue = useCallback(
+    (model: string, ratioType: RatioType) => {
+      setResolutions((prev) => deleteResolutionField(prev, model, ratioType))
+    },
+    []
+  )
+
+  const parsedRatios = useMemo(() => {
+    return {
+      ModelRatio: parseJsonRecord<number>(modelRatios.ModelRatio),
+      CompletionRatio: parseJsonRecord<number>(modelRatios.CompletionRatio),
+      CacheRatio: parseJsonRecord<number>(modelRatios.CacheRatio),
+      CreateCacheRatio: parseJsonRecord<number>(modelRatios.CreateCacheRatio),
+      ImageRatio: parseJsonRecord<number>(modelRatios.ImageRatio),
+      AudioRatio: parseJsonRecord<number>(modelRatios.AudioRatio),
+      AudioCompletionRatio: parseJsonRecord<number>(
+        modelRatios.AudioCompletionRatio
+      ),
+      ModelPrice: parseJsonRecord<number>(modelRatios.ModelPrice),
+      'billing_setting.billing_mode': parseJsonRecord<string>(
+        modelRatios['billing_setting.billing_mode']
+      ),
+      'billing_setting.billing_expr': parseJsonRecord<string>(
+        modelRatios['billing_setting.billing_expr']
+      ),
+    }
+  }, [modelRatios])
+
+  type ParsedRatios = typeof parsedRatios
+
+  const getLocalBillingCategory = (
+    model: string,
+    currentRatios: ParsedRatios
+  ): 'price' | 'ratio' | null => {
+    if (currentRatios.ModelPrice[model] !== undefined) return 'price'
+    if (
+      currentRatios.ModelRatio[model] !== undefined ||
+      currentRatios.CompletionRatio[model] !== undefined ||
+      currentRatios.CacheRatio[model] !== undefined ||
+      currentRatios.CreateCacheRatio[model] !== undefined ||
+      currentRatios.ImageRatio[model] !== undefined ||
+      currentRatios.AudioRatio[model] !== undefined ||
+      currentRatios.AudioCompletionRatio[model] !== undefined
+    )
+      return 'ratio'
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const performSync = useCallback(
+    async (currentRatios: ParsedRatios): Promise<boolean> => {
+      const finalRatios: Record<string, Record<string, number | string>> = {
+        ModelRatio: { ...currentRatios.ModelRatio },
+        CompletionRatio: { ...currentRatios.CompletionRatio },
+        CacheRatio: { ...currentRatios.CacheRatio },
+        CreateCacheRatio: { ...currentRatios.CreateCacheRatio },
+        ImageRatio: { ...currentRatios.ImageRatio },
+        AudioRatio: { ...currentRatios.AudioRatio },
+        AudioCompletionRatio: { ...currentRatios.AudioCompletionRatio },
+        ModelPrice: { ...currentRatios.ModelPrice },
+        'billing_setting.billing_mode': {
+          ...currentRatios['billing_setting.billing_mode'],
+        },
+        'billing_setting.billing_expr': {
+          ...currentRatios['billing_setting.billing_expr'],
+        },
+      }
+
+      Object.entries(resolutions).forEach(([model, ratios]) => {
+        const selectedTypes = Object.keys(ratios)
+        const hasPrice = selectedTypes.includes('model_price')
+        const hasRatio = selectedTypes.some((rt) =>
+          RATIO_SYNC_FIELDS.includes(rt as RatioType)
+        )
+
+        if (hasPrice) {
+          delete finalRatios.ModelRatio[model]
+          delete finalRatios.CompletionRatio[model]
+          delete finalRatios.CacheRatio[model]
+          delete finalRatios.CreateCacheRatio[model]
+          delete finalRatios.ImageRatio[model]
+          delete finalRatios.AudioRatio[model]
+          delete finalRatios.AudioCompletionRatio[model]
+        }
+        if (hasRatio) {
+          delete finalRatios.ModelPrice[model]
+        }
+
+        Object.entries(ratios).forEach(([ratioType, value]) => {
+          const optionKey = optionKeyBySyncField(ratioType)
+          finalRatios[optionKey][model] = NUMERIC_SYNC_FIELDS.has(ratioType)
+            ? Number(value)
+            : value
+        })
+      })
+
+      const updates = Object.entries(finalRatios).map(([key, value]) => ({
+        key,
+        value: JSON.stringify(value, null, 2),
+      }))
+
+      return new Promise<boolean>((resolve) => {
+        syncMutate(updates, {
+          onSuccess: () => resolve(true),
+          onError: () => resolve(false),
+        })
+      })
+    },
+    [resolutions, syncMutate]
+  )
+
+  const findSourceChannel = (
+    model: string,
+    ratioType: RatioType,
+    value: number | string
+  ): string => {
+    const upMap = differences[model]?.[ratioType]?.upstreams
+    if (!upMap) return 'Unknown'
+    const entry = Object.entries(upMap).find(([, v]) => v === value)
+    return entry ? entry[0] : 'Unknown'
+  }
+
+  const handleApplySync = () => {
+    const currentRatios = parsedRatios
+    const conflicts: ConflictItem[] = []
+
+    const fixedPriceLabel = t('Fixed price')
+    const modelRatioLabel = t('Model ratio')
+    const completionRatioLabel = t('Completion ratio')
+
+    Object.entries(resolutions).forEach(([model, ratios]) => {
+      const localCat = getLocalBillingCategory(model, currentRatios)
+      const selectedTypes = Object.keys(ratios)
+      let newCat: 'price' | 'ratio' | 'tiered'
+      if ('model_price' in ratios) {
+        newCat = 'price'
+      } else if (RATIO_SYNC_FIELDS.some((rt) => selectedTypes.includes(rt))) {
+        newCat = 'ratio'
+      } else {
+        newCat = 'tiered'
+      }
+
+      if (localCat && newCat !== 'tiered' && localCat !== newCat) {
+        const currentDesc =
+          localCat === 'price'
+            ? `${fixedPriceLabel}: ${currentRatios.ModelPrice[model]}`
+            : `${modelRatioLabel}: ${currentRatios.ModelRatio[model] ?? '-'}\n${completionRatioLabel}: ${currentRatios.CompletionRatio[model] ?? '-'}`
+
+        const newDesc =
+          newCat === 'price'
+            ? `${fixedPriceLabel}: ${ratios.model_price}`
+            : `${modelRatioLabel}: ${ratios.model_ratio ?? '-'}\n${completionRatioLabel}: ${ratios.completion_ratio ?? '-'}`
+
+        const channelNames = selectedTypes
+          .map((rt) => findSourceChannel(model, rt as RatioType, ratios[rt]))
+          .filter((v, idx, arr) => arr.indexOf(v) === idx)
+          .join(', ')
+
+        conflicts.push({
+          channel: channelNames,
+          model,
+          current: currentDesc,
+          newVal: newDesc,
+        })
+      }
+    })
+
+    if (conflicts.length > 0) {
+      setConflictItems(conflicts)
+      setConflictDialogOpen(true)
+      return
+    }
+
+    toast.info(t('Syncing prices, please wait...'))
+    performSync(currentRatios)
+  }
+
+  const handleConfirmConflict = async () => {
+    setConfirmLoading(true)
+    try {
+      const success = await performSync(parsedRatios)
+      if (success) {
+        setConflictDialogOpen(false)
+      }
+    } finally {
+      setConfirmLoading(false)
+    }
+  }
+
+  const hasSelections = Object.keys(resolutions).length > 0
+  const isLoading = fetchMutation.isPending || isSyncPending || confirmLoading
+
+  return (
+    <div className='space-y-4'>
+      <div className='flex flex-col gap-2 sm:flex-row sm:items-center sm:justify-between'>
+        <div className='flex flex-col gap-2 sm:flex-row'>
+          <Button onClick={handleOpenChannelDialog} disabled={isLoading}>
+            <RefreshCcw className='mr-2 h-4 w-4' />
+            {t('Select Sync Channels')}
+          </Button>
+          <Button
+            variant='secondary'
+            onClick={handleApplySync}
+            disabled={!hasSelections || isLoading}
+          >
+            {(isSyncPending || confirmLoading) && (
+              <span className='mr-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin rounded-full border-2 border-current border-t-transparent' />
+            )}
+            <CheckSquare className='mr-2 h-4 w-4' />
+            {t('Apply Sync')}
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <UpstreamRatioSyncTable
+        differences={differences}
+        resolutions={resolutions}
+        isDisabled={isLoading}
+        isSyncing={fetchMutation.isPending}
+        onSelectValue={handleSelectValue}
+        onUnselectValue={handleUnselectValue}
+      />
+
+      <ChannelSelectorDialog
+        open={channelDialogOpen}
+        onOpenChange={setChannelDialogOpen}
+        channels={channels}
+        selectedChannelIds={selectedChannelIds}
+        onSelectedChannelIdsChange={setSelectedChannelIds}
+        channelEndpoints={channelEndpoints}
+        onChannelEndpointsChange={setChannelEndpoints}
+        onConfirm={handleConfirmChannelSelection}
+      />
+
+      <ConflictConfirmDialog
+        open={conflictDialogOpen}
+        onOpenChange={setConflictDialogOpen}
+        conflicts={conflictItems}
+        onConfirm={handleConfirmConflict}
+        isLoading={confirmLoading}
+      />
+    </div>
+  )
+}

web/default/src/features/system-settings/models/utils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+export function formatJsonForTextarea(value: string) {
+  if (!value || !value.trim()) {
+    return ''
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(value)
+    return JSON.stringify(parsed, null, 2)
+  } catch {
+    return value
+  }
+}
+
+export function normalizeJsonString(value: string) {
+  const trimmed = value.trim()
+  if (!trimmed) {
+    return ''
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(trimmed)
+    return JSON.stringify(parsed)
+  } catch {
+    return trimmed
+  }
+}
+
+type JsonValidationOptions = {
+  allowEmpty?: boolean
+  predicate?: (value: unknown) => boolean
+  predicateMessage?: string
+}
+
+function extractErrorPosition(
+  error: unknown,
+  jsonString: string
+): { line?: number; column?: number; position?: number } {
+  if (!(error instanceof Error)) return {}
+
+  const message = error.message
+
+  // Format 1: "Unexpected token } in JSON at position 15"
+  const positionMatch = message.match(/at position (\d+)/i)
+  if (positionMatch) {
+    const position = parseInt(positionMatch[1], 10)
+    const lines = jsonString.substring(0, position).split('\n')
+    return {
+      line: lines.length,
+      column: lines[lines.length - 1].length + 1,
+      position,
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Format 2: "JSON.parse: ... at line 2 column 3"
+  const lineColMatch = message.match(/at line (\d+) column (\d+)/i)
+  if (lineColMatch) {
+    return {
+      line: parseInt(lineColMatch[1], 10),
+      column: parseInt(lineColMatch[2], 10),
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {}
+}
+
+function formatErrorMessage(error: unknown, jsonString: string): string {
+  if (!(error instanceof Error)) return 'Invalid JSON'
+
+  const position = extractErrorPosition(error, jsonString)
+  const message = error.message
+
+  // Check if it's a "missing comma" type error
+  const isMissingCommaError =
+    message.includes("Expected ','") ||
+    message.includes('Expected property name') ||
+    message.includes('Unexpected string')
+
+  if (position.line && position.column) {
+    let hint = ''
+    if (isMissingCommaError && position.line > 1) {
+      hint = ` (check line ${position.line - 1} for missing comma)`
+    }
+    return `Error at line ${position.line}, column ${position.column}: ${message}${hint}`
+  }
+
+  if (position.position !== undefined) {
+    return `Error at position ${position.position}: ${message}`
+  }
+
+  return message
+}
+
+export function validateJsonString(
+  value: string,
+  options: JsonValidationOptions = {}
+) {
+  const { allowEmpty = true, predicate, predicateMessage } = options
+  const trimmed = value.trim()
+
+  if (!trimmed) {
+    return {
+      valid: allowEmpty,
+      message: allowEmpty ? undefined : 'Value is required',
+    }
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(trimmed)
+    if (predicate && !predicate(parsed)) {
+      return {
+        valid: false,
+        message: predicateMessage || 'JSON structure is invalid',
+      }
+    }
+
+    return { valid: true }
+  } catch (error: unknown) {
+    return {
+      valid: false,
+      message: formatErrorMessage(error, trimmed),
+    }
+  }
+}